Research measuring congruence between our perceived selves and our ideal selves has found
Which of the following did Carl Rogers regard as one of the conditions both necessary and sufficient for becoming a fully functioning or self-actualizing person?
Rogers’ therapeutic approach at the University of Chicago emphasized
According to Rogers, for a psychologically healthy person,
Rogers called the tendency for matter (organic and inorganic) to evolve from simple to more complex forms
According to Rogers, the two most frequent defensive reactions are
_____ is defined as the tendency within all humans (and other animals and plants) to move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials.
According to Carl Rogers, some events are experienced below the threshold of awareness and are
Rogers said that an established self-concept
According to Carl Rogers, which of the following is classified as a need for maintenance?
According to Rogers, experiences that are inconsistent with one’s self-concept are
Rogers’ basic assumption in therapy was that
In general, the Chicago Studies demonstrated that client-centered therapy
According to Rogers, the _____ includes all those aspects of one’s being and one’s experiences that are perceived in awareness by an individual.
Rogers held that if certain therapeutic conditions are present, then people will
Rogers’ theory of personality evolved out of
According to Rogers, when people are unaware of the discrepancy between their self and their experience, they are
From an existential perspective, as people realize that they are in charge of their own destiny, they experience the
May identified sex, eros, philia, and agape as the
Existential therapists must
From an existential perspective, people acquire freedom of action
May considered eros the salvation of
According to May, psychologically disturbed individuals deny their
May was critical of
According to May, the essential unity of the person and environment is called
May believed that neurotic anxiety
According to May, people’s being-in-the-world is characterized by
May believed that within the boundaries of our destiny,
Two basic concepts of existentialism are
As a young man, Rollo May, like Erik Erikson,
According to Rollo May, which of the following statements is true of agape as a form of love?
May believed that people’s task is to
According to May, _____ is an intimate but nonsexual friendship between two people.
Allport contended that adult motives are
Which of the following statements is a general assumption required to understand Gordon Allport’s conception of the psychologically mature personality?
Allport’s comprehensive definition of personality suggests that human beings are
Allport saw most people as being motivated mostly by
Gordon Allport advocated a(n) _____ approach to theory building.
Gordon Allport described _____ as those that would be listed in an accurate letter of recommendation written by someone who knew a person quite well.
According to Allport, personal dispositions differ from traits in that they
“The dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristic behavior and thought” is Allport’s definition of
According to Gordon Allport, a compulsive lifestyle, one marked by unconscious strivings, plays an important role in
Allport’s definition of personality included the notion of personality as being
According to Gordon Allport, which of the following is a functionally autonomous process?
Which of the following is a method used by Gordon Allport to gather data on a single individual?
According to Allport, compulsions that can be eliminated through therapy or behavior modification are not
Allport criticized older theories of personality for
Gordon Allport defined _____ as any acquired system of motivation in which the tensions involved are not of the same kind as the antecedent tensions from which the acquired system developed.
Allport’s master system of motivation that confers unity on personality is called
Allport’s concept that some human motives are independent from the original motive responsible for behavior was termed
Set 2
According to Rogers, when people are unaware of the discrepancy between their self and their experience, they become
According to Rogers, a portion of one’s experience becomes di erentiated into
Rogers’s theory of personality evolved out of
What condition did Rogers believe must be present in a relationship that leads to psychological growth?
In his philosophy of science, Rogers argued that methodology must be
To Rogers, the basic ingredient of maladjustment is
Before entering Columbia University to study psychology and education, Carl Rogers had planned to become
As an adolescent, Rogers
According to Rogers, the ______ includes all those aspects of one’s being and one’s experience that are perceived in awareness.
According to Rogers, for a psychologically healthy person,
Rogers stated that therapists will be more e ective if they communicate ______ to the client.
Rogers’s early approach to therapy was most in uenced by
Rogers believed that people’s positive self‐regard
The misinterpretation of an experience in order to make it t some aspect of one’s self‐ concept matches Rogers’ concept of
For Rogers, the source of people’s positive self‐regard is
Rogers held that if certain therapeutic conditions are present, then people will
Rogers’s concept of humanity is basically
Rollo May was the foremost spokesperson for the ______ approach to psychology in the United States.
May held that Umwelt includes the world of
From an existential perspective, people acquire freedom of action
Existentialists believe that most people in modern societies experience alienation due to a separation of
For May, freedom often leads to
May contended that Western civilization
According to May, the essential unity of the person and environment is called
May suggested that freedom and destiny are
May claimed that members of technologically advanced civilizations are most likely to su er guilt connected with
For May, freedom of being is synonymous with
For May, ontological guilt associated with Mitwelt arises from our
May called ______ “the capacity to organize one’s self so that movement in a certain direction or toward a certain goal may take place”.
Existential therapists must
For May, ______ is an altruistic kind of love.
May considered eros the salvation of
Most existentialists believe that
Allport believed that insight and humor may be aspects of
For Allport, common traits
For Allport, which of the following is the most basic question underlying all personality theory?
A weakness of Allport’s theory of personality is that it
Allport’s master system of motivation that confers unity on personality is called
With regard to traits, Allport held that they
“The dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristic behavior and thought” is Allport’s de nition of
Research has found that highly prejudiced churchgoers scored
Allport favored a view of personality that regards behavior as
Allport contended that adult motives are
The Religious Orientation Scale (ROS) assumes both ______ and ______ orientation toward religion.
For Allport, the human personality implies
To Allport, the most important structures of personality are
Unconscious processes, said Allport, play an important role in
The technique that Baldwin developed to analyze the structure of Jenny’s personality from her letters was called
Allport termed less intensely felt personal dispositions that guide action ______ dispositions.
Allport’s criteria for an adequate theory of motivation included all EXCEPT the idea that the theory must
Set 3
According to Rogers, the two subsystems of the self are the
Rogers would say that unconditional positive regard is at greatest variance with
Rogers’s concept of humanity is basically
Rogers believed that the successful therapist
Which of these conditions did Rogers NOT see as a “necessary and sufficient” ingredient in therapeutic growth?
According to Rogers, when therapists experience “a warm, positive and accepting attitude toward what is the client”, they
Carl Rogers is best known as
Rogers’s therapeutic approach at the University of Chicago emphasized
Rogers’s approach to therapy is best termed
In his philosophy of science, Rogers argued that methodology must be
According to Rogers’s view of the therapeutic process, psychological growth appears to be irreversible at the _____ stage.
Rogers held that if certain therapeutic conditions are present, then people will
Which term is LEAST appropriate as applied to Carl Rogers?
According to Rogers, which of these conditions would be MOST therapeutic?
Rogers’s theory of personality evolved out of
Rogers said that evaluations of a person by others tend to
What stage of Rogers’s therapeutic process is characterized by avoidance of present feelings and a discussion limited to past or future emotions?
May’s approach to understanding people is based primarily on his
According to May, people’s being‐in‐the‐world is characterized by
For May, the purpose of therapy is to
People’s feelings of self‐isolation and alienation from the world are seen in their
According to May, Eigenwelt refers to our relationship to
For May, freedom of being is synonymous with
For May, care is the source of
May considered eros the salvation of
Existential therapists must
anxiety “is proportionate to the threat, does not involve repression, and can be confronted constructively on a conscious level”, according to May.
According to May, ontological guilt is experienced
May called ______ “the capacity to organize one’s self so that movement in a certain direction or toward a certain goal may take place”.
Two basic concepts of existentialism are
May contended that Western civilization
May believed that ______ is our ultimate destiny.
May held that Umwelt includes the world of
Allport’s approach to science emphasizes which methods?
Which of these would NOT be characteristic of the mature, healthy personality, according to Allport?
The technique that Baldwin developed to analyze the structure of Jenny’s personality from her letters was called
“Any acquired system of motivation in which the tensions involved are not of the same kind as the antecedent tensions from which the acquired system developed” is Allport’s definition of
Research has found that highly prejudiced churchgoers scored
Personal dispositions that are not central to personality, yet occur with some regularity and are responsible for much of one’s specific behaviors, Allport termed ______ dispositions.
Research suggests that people who score high on the Extrinsic scale of the Religious Orientation Scale tend to
Research indicates that people who score high on the Intrinsic scale of the Religious Orientation Scale (and thus are more involved in their religion) tend to
Allport termed less intensely felt personal dispositions that guide action ______ dispositions.
The term “character” originally meant
Allport’s notion that people are capable of consciously acting upon their environment in new and innovative ways that permit psychological growth is illustrated by
Allport saw people as being motivated mostly by
With regard to freedom and determinism, Allport held
To Allport, the most important structures of personality are
According to Allport, personal dispositions that are so dominating in one’s life that they cannot be hidden are called
With regard to traits, Allport held that they
Allport’s approach to personality can best be termed