PSYC 255 Quiz 5

PSYC 255 Quiz 5

PSYC 255 Quiz 5 Liberty University

PSYC 255 Quiz 5 Research Designs, Within Subjects, Between Subjects

1. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of a within subjects design?
2. You want to replicate Barlett et al.’s research on action figures and negative body image in young adult males. Your independent variable has three levels: no action figures, highly muscular figures, and moderately muscular figures. You want to conduct a between subjects design. How many total participants will you need if you want 10 participants in each level of the IV?
3. April has 4 levels to her independent variable. She has participants in her study complete part A, followed by B, C, and then D. When she analyzes her data, she notices that level D is always different from the rest of the levels. April is most likely encountering what effect?
4. Tamir et al. (2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games. The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music. The researchers then measured the participant’s performance while listening to each type of music. This is an example of what type of design?
5. Carefully review the research matrix presented below. If this is a within subjects design, how many total participants will be used in the experiment?
6. Carefully review the research matrix presented below. If this is a within subjects design, how many total participants will be used in the experiment?
7. In a within subjects design, all participants are exposed to all levels of the independent variable. A major concern to the participants going through all levels of the independent variable is becoming tired of participating in the study. What disadvantage is being described here?
8. Roberts with the Mayo Clinic conducted a study on individuals between the ages of 70–89 and found differences in men and women. In this example, gender of participant was the
9. Participants experiencing the same order of presentation of the levels of the independent variable can lead to
10. William the researcher conducted a study on monitor size and reaction time. The research matrix is given below. If you wanted to give every participant in the study a piece of paper with the contact information of the researchers, how many pieces of paper will you need for this between subjects design?
11. A within subject design will use _____________ participants than/as a between subjects design.
12. A research matrix is __________.
13. Which of the following statements regarding a within subjects design is correct?
14. Tamir et al. (2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games. The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music. The researchers then measured the participant’s performance while listening to each type of music. How many levels are there to the independent variable in this study?
15. A _____________ design exposes participants to all levels or conditions of the independent variable.
16. Janiszewski and Uy (2008) conducted an experiment in which they had 43 participants read 10 scenarios. In this study, the researchers wanted to determine the impact of the scenario type on the anchoring and adjusting of participants. Anchoring and adjustment occurs when people use a starting point (anchor) as a basis to make judgments about a given scenario (adjustment). How many levels are there for the independent variable in this study?
17. Which of the following is an advantage to a between subjects design?
18. During the late 1980s and the early 1990s the Pepsi Challenge was in full swing. During the challenge, participants were asked to taste cola from both Coke and Pepsi. Once they had tasted both drinks, the participants were asked to report which was better tasting. The results indicated that participants found Pepsi products to be better tasting. What is the dependent variable in this study?
19. The degree of spread among data surrounding the mean is known as
20. Which of the following is not a disadvantage to a between subjects design?
21. Tamir et al. (2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games. The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music. The researchers then measured the participant’s performance while listening to each type of music. What is the independent variable in this study?
22. Stacy has been working hard to look at the effects of homework difficulty on student desire to finish the work. She has decided to make sure that each group is equivalent on enthusiasm for school by measuring overall levels. Stacy then pairs up the participants based on their enthusiasm before placing them into the groups in her study. Stacy is conducting a _____________ design.
23. During the late 1980s and the early 1990s the Pepsi Challenge was in full swing. During the challenge, participants were asked to taste cola from both Coke and Pepsi. Once they had tasted both drinks, the participants were asked to report which was better tasting. The results indicated that participants found Pepsi products to be better tasting. What is the independent variable in this study?
24. occur when participants improve performance due to subsequent experiences on the same task.
25. The degree of spread among data when surrounding the mean is known as
26. Janiszewski and Uy (2008) conducted an experiment in which they had 43 participants read 10 scenarios. All 43 participants each read all 10 scenarios. In this study, the researchers wanted to determine the impact of the scenario type on the anchoring and adjusting of participants. Anchoring and adjustment occurs when people use a starting point (anchor) as a basis to make judgments about a given scenario (adjustment). This is an example of what type of design?
27. Herrman recommends that his students take the practice GRE before registering to take the real GRE. Dr. Herrman makes this recommendation because he knows that __________ can increase performance on subsequent experiences with the same tasks.
28. Carefully review the research matrix presented below. If this is a between subjects design, how many total participants will be used in the experiment?
29. Recall the research conducted by Bartlett et al. (2005) on the influence of action figures on male body image. If Barlett exposed participants to the three conditions in the same manner and found that scores on the third condition always decreased, he might be concerned about
30. In a __________, participants will be exposed to only one level of the independent variable.

Set 1

1. occurs when the effects of a prior condition influence subsequent treatment conditions.
2. Which of the following is an advantage to a between subjects design?
3. Tamir et al. (2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games. The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music. The researchers then measured the participant’s performance while listening to each type of music. How many levels are there to the independent
4. Katie is conducting a within subjects design. Her independent variable has 2 levels that must occur 1 week apart. In the first session during the first week, Katie has 120 participants. However, a week later when the second session occurs, Katie only has 85 participants show up for the study. What disadvantage to within subject designs is Katie encountering?
5. Tamir et al. (2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games. The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music. The researchers then measured the participant’s performance while listening to each type of music. What is the independent variable in this study?
6. During the late 1980s and the early 1990s the Pepsi Challenge was in full swing. During the challenge, participants were asked to taste cola from both Coke and Pepsi. Once they had tasted both drinks, the participants were asked to report which was better tasting.
7. Betsy is conducting a study on school psychologists. She is thinking of having school psychologists complete four experimental conditions each lasting one hour. A colleague suggests to Betsy that she modify the design so that different groups of school psychologists are used and Betsy will not have to worry about .
8. Janiszewski and Uy (2008) conducted an experiment in which they had 43 participants read 10 scenarios. All 43 participants each read all 10 scenarios. In this study, the researchers wanted to determine the impact of the scenario type on the anchoring and adjusting of participants. Anchoring and adjustment occurs when people use a starting point (anchor) as a basis to make judgments about a given scenario (adjustment). This is an example of what type of design?
9. Darley and Batson conducted a study in which the independent variable was the degree to which the participants were instructed to hurry to the other building (high-hurry, intermediate-hurry, low-hurry) and the dependent variable was the amount of help offered to a “victim” placed by the researchers between the two buildings. This was a
10. Carefully review the research matrix presented below. If this is a within subjects design, how many total participants will be used in the experiment?
11. To combat order effects that may occur with a within subjects design, many researchers will use .
12. William the researcher conducted a study on monitor size and reaction time. The research matrix is given below.
13. You want to replicate Barlett et al.’s research on amount of blood in a video game and measures of aggression. Your independent variable has 4 levels: maximum blood, medium blood, low blood, and no blood. You want to conduct a between subjects design. How many total participants will you need if you want 10 participants in each level of the IV?
14. Conner is conducting a within subjects design with four levels to his independent variable. Conner has ¼ of the participants complete each level in ABCD order, a ¼ of
15. You want to replicate Barlett et al.’s research on action figures and negative body image in young adult males. Your independent variable has three levels: no action figures, highly muscular figures, and moderately muscular figures. You want to conduct a between subjects design. How many total participants will you need if you want 10 participants in each level of the IV?
16. Which of the following statements regarding a within subjects design is correct?
17. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of a within subjects design?
18. Tamir et al. (2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games. The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music. The researchers then measured the participant’s performance while listening to each type of music. This is an example of what type of design?
19. We discussed a study known as the Stroop effect. Stroop developed 3 types of stimuli for his study. Each type of stimuli presented a different task that participants had to complete. Stroop then measured the amount of time it took the participants to complete each task. What is the independent variable in this study?
20. Stacy has been working hard to look at the effects of homework difficulty on student desire to finish the work. She has decided to make sure that each group is equivalent on enthusiasm for school by measuring overall levels. Stacy then pairs up the participants based on their enthusiasm before placing them into the groups in her study. Stacy is conducting a
21. During the late 1980s and the early 1990s the Pepsi Challenge was in full swing. During the challenge, participants were asked to taste cola from both Coke and Pepsi. Once they had tasted both drinks, the participants were asked to report which was better tasting.
22. In a , participants will be exposed to only one level of the independent variable.
23. Which of the following statements regarding a between subjects design is correct?
24. In chapter 8, we mentioned a study that examined the relationship between where one lives (urban or rural) and when a specific form of cancer is diagnosed. For this example, the independent variable was where one lives. How many levels did the IV have?
25. A within subject design will use participants than/as a between subjects design.
26. Carefully review the research matrix presented below. If this is a within subjects design, how many total participants will be used in the experiment?
27. Jason is interested in the topic of perception. He has participants complete a task on a computer and measures reaction and number of errors. Jason is thinking of repeating this task after the participants have been exposed to the independent variable. Which of the following reasons bests describes why Jason might not want to have participants complete the task again?
28. Participants experiencing the same order of presentation of the levels of the independent variable can lead to .
29. Barlett et al. (2005) selected a between subjects design to study the influence of action figures on male body image. Which of the following reasons listed below is not a reason why Bartlett and colleagues would have selected the design?
30. Herrman recommends that his students take the practice GRE before registering to take the real GRE. Dr. Herrman makes this recommendation because he knows that can increase performance on subsequent experiences with the same tasks.

Set 2

1. Betsy is conducting a study on school psychologists.  She is thinking of having school psychologists complete four experimental conditions each lasting one hour.  A colleague suggests to Betsy that she modify the design so that different groups of school psychologists are used and Betsy will not have to worry about __________.
2. Tamir et al. (2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games.  The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music.  The researchers then measured the participant’s performance while listening to each type of music.  This is an example of what type of design?
3. Carefully review the research matrix presented below.  If this is a within subjects design, how many total participants will be used in the experiment?
4. Carefully review the research matrix presented below.  If this is a between subjects design, how many total participants will be used in the experiment?
5. Carefully review the research matrix presented below.  If this is a within subjects design, how many total participants will be used in the experiment?
6. We discussed a study known as the Stroop effect.  Stroop developed 3 types of stimuli for his study.  Each type of stimuli presented a different task that participants had to complete. Stroop then measured the amount of time it took the participants to complete each task. What is the dependent
   variable in this study?
7. The degree of spread among data when surrounding the mean is known as __________.
8. Barlett et al. (2005) selected a between subjects design to study the influence of action figures on male body image.  Which of the following reasons listed below is nota reason why Bartlett and colleagues would have selected the design?
9. What kind of study uses a methodology in which participants are matched on a particular characteristic before being assigned to the different levels of the independent variable?
10. Which of the following is an advantage to a between subjects design?
11. During the late 1980s and the early 1990s the Pepsi Challenge was in full swing.  During the challenge, participants were asked to taste cola from both Coke and Pepsi.  Once they had tasted both drinks, the participants were asked to report which was better tasting.  The results indicated that participants found Pepsi products to be better tasting.  This is an example of what type of research design?
12. Darley and Batson conducted a study in which the independent variable was the degree to which the participants were instructed to hurry to the other building (high-hurry, intermediate-hurry, low-hurry) and the dependent variable was the amount of help offered to a “victim” placed by the researchers between the two buildings.  This was a between subjects design.  Therefore, how many groups of participants were needed?
13. To combat order effects that may occur with a within subjects design, many researchers will use _____________.
14. Janiszewskiand Uy (2008) conducted an experiment in which they had 43 participants read 10 scenarios. All 43 participants each read all 10 scenarios. In this study, the researchers wanted to determine the impact of the scenario type on the anchoring and adjusting of participants.  Anchoring and adjustment occurs when people use a starting point (anchor) as a basis to make judgments about a given scenario (adjustment).  This is an example of what type of design?
15. _________ occurs when the effects of a prior condition influence subsequent treatment conditions.
16. You want to replicate Barlett et al.’s research on action figures and negative body image in young adult males.  Your independent variable has three levels: no action figures, highly muscular figures, and moderately muscular figures.  You want to conduct a between subjects design.  How many total participants will you need if you want 10 participants in each level of the IV?
17. Suppose we used a between subjects design to see if caffeine influenced levels of alertness.  We had three groups of participants: participants who received 8 ounces of a caffeinated beverage, participants who received 24 ounces of a caffeinated beverage, and participants who received no caffeine.  If this was a between subjects design with 30 total participants, how many participants would be in each condition?
18. Which disadvantage to within subjects designs involves a participant dropping out of a study or not returning to complete additional parts to a study?
19. Herrman recommends that his students take the practice GRE before registering to take the real GRE.  Dr. Herrman makes this recommendation because he knows that __________ can increase performance on subsequent experiences with the same tasks.
20. Katie is conducting a within subjects design.  Her independent variable has 2 levels that must occur 1 week apart.  In the first session during the first week, Katie has 120 participants.  However, a week later when the second session occurs, Katie only has 85 participants show up for the study.  What disadvantage to within subject designs is Katie encountering?
21. A _____________ design exposes participants to all levels or conditions of the independent variable.
22. The degree of spread among data surrounding the mean is known as _____________.
23. Stacy has been working hard to look at the effects of homework difficulty on student desire to finish the work.  She has decided to make sure that each group is equivalent on enthusiasm for school by measuring overall levels.  Stacy then pairs up the participants based on their enthusiasm before placing them into the groups in her study.  Stacy is conducting a _____________ design.
24. You want to replicate Barlett et al.’s research on amount of blood in a video game and measures of aggression.  Your independent variable has 4 levels: maximum blood, medium blood, low blood, and no blood.  You want to conduct a between subjects design.  How many total participants will you need if you want 10 participants in each level of the IV?
25. During the late 1980s and the early 1990s the Pepsi Challenge was in full swing.  During the challenge, participants were asked to taste cola from both Coke and Pepsi.  Once they had tasted both drinks, the participants were asked to report which was better tasting.  The results indicated that participants found Pepsi products to be better tasting.  What is the independent
    variable in this study?
26. In a within subjects design, all participants are exposed to all levels of the independent variable.  A major concern to the participants going through all levels of the independent variable is becoming tired of participating in the study.  What disadvantage is being described here?
27. Tamir et al. (2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games.  The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music.  The researchers then measured the participant’s performance while listening to each type of music.  What is the dependent
    variable in this study?
28. Which of the following is nota disadvantage of a within subjects design?
29. During the late 1980s and the early 1990s the Pepsi Challenge was in full swing.  During the challenge, participants were asked to taste cola from both Coke and Pepsi.  Once they had tasted both drinks, the participants were asked to report which was better tasting.  The results indicated that participants found Pepsi products to be better tasting.  What is the dependent
    variable in this study?
30. We discussed a study known as the Stroop effect.  Stroop developed 3 types of stimuli for his study.  Each type of stimuli presented a different task that participants had to complete. Stroop then measured the amount of time it took the participants to complete each task. What is the independent variable in this study?

Set 3

1. Which of the following is nota disadvantage of a within subjects design?
2. The degree of spread among data when surrounding the mean is known as __________.
3. Barlett et al. (2005) selected a between subjects design to study the influence of action figures on male body image.  Which of the following reasons listed below is nota reason why Bartlett and colleagues would have selected the design?
4. Recall the research conducted by Bartlett et al. (2005) on the influence of action figures on male body image.  If Barlett exposed participants to the three conditions in the same manner and found that scores on the third condition always decreased, he might be concerned about _________.
5. Roberts with the Mayo Clinic conducted a study on individuals between the ages of 70–89 and found differences in men and women.  In this example, gender of participant was the __________.
6. While conducting her within subjects design, Geraldine notices that participants are failing to fully complete the last level of the independent variable.  Specifically, subjects are leaving questions blank and do not appear to be placing as much effort into the study as they were in the first level of the independent variable.  Geraldine is seeing what disadvantage to using a within subjects design?
7. The degree of spread among data surrounding the mean is known as _____________.
8. To combat order effects that may occur with a within subjects design, many researchers will use _____________.
9. Janiszewski and Uy (2008) conducted an experiment in which they had 43 participants read 10 scenarios.  In this study, the researchers wanted to determine the impact of the scenario type on the anchoring and adjusting of participants.  Anchoring and adjustment occurs when people use a starting point (anchor) as a basis to make judgments about a given scenario (adjustment).  How many levels are there for the independent variable in this study?
10. Participants experiencing the same order of presentation of the levels of the independent variable can lead to __________.
11. A within subject design will use _____________ participants than/as a between subjects design.
12. Carefully review the research matrix presented below.  If this is a within subjects design, how many total participants will be used in the experiment?
13. A _____________ design exposes participants to all levels or conditions of the independent variable.
14. Betsy is conducting a study on school psychologists.  She is thinking of having school psychologists complete four experimental conditions each lasting one hour.  A colleague suggests to Betsy that she modify the design so that different groups of school psychologists are used and Betsy will not have to worry about __________.
15. We discussed a study known as the Stroop effect.  Stroop developed 3 types of stimuli for his study.  Each type of stimuli presented a different task that participants had to complete. Stroop then measured the amount of time it took the participants to complete each task. What is the independent variable in this study?
16. _________ occurs when the effects of a prior condition influence subsequent treatment conditions.
17. In a within subjects design, all participants are exposed to all levels of the independent variable.  A major concern to the participants going through all levels of the independent variable is becoming tired of participating in the study.  What disadvantage is being described here?
18. During the late 1980s and the early 1990s the Pepsi Challenge was in full swing.  During the challenge, participants were asked to taste cola from both Coke and Pepsi.  Once they had tasted both drinks, the participants were asked to report which was better tasting.  The results indicated that participants found Pepsi products to be better tasting.  What is the dependent
    variable in this study?
19. In chapter 8, we mentioned a study that examined the relationship between where one lives (urban or rural) and when a specific form of cancer is diagnosed.  For this example, the independent variable was where one lives.  How many levels did the IV have?
20. You want to replicate Barlett et al.’s research on amount of blood in a video game and measures of aggression.  Your independent variable has 4 levels: maximum blood, medium blood, low blood, and no blood.  You want to conduct a between subjects design.  How many total participants will you need if you want 10 participants in each level of the IV?
21. _________ occur when participants improve performance due to subsequent experiences on the same task.
22. Katie is conducting a within subjects design.  Her independent variable has 2 levels that must occur 1 week apart.  In the first session during the first week, Katie has 120 participants.  However, a week later when the second session occurs, Katie only has 85 participants show up for the study.  What disadvantage to within subject designs is Katie encountering?
23. William the researcher conducted a study on monitor size and reaction time. The research matrix is given below. If you wanted to give every participant in the study a piece of paper with the contact information of the researchers, how many pieces of paper will you need for this between subjects design?
24. Tamir et al. (2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games.  The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music.  The researchers then measured the participant’s performance while listening to each type of music.  This is an example of what type of design?
25. In chapter 7, we used a between subjects design to see if caffeine influenced levels of alertness.  We had three groups of participants: participants who received 8 ounces of a caffeinated beverage, participants who received 24 ounces of a caffeinated beverage, and participants who received no caffeine.  If this was a between subjects design with 30 total participants, how many participants would be in each condition?
26. Carefully review the research matrix presented below.  If this is a within subjects design, how many total participants will be used in the experiment?
27. During the late 1980s and the early 1990s the Pepsi Challenge was in full swing.  During the challenge, participants were asked to taste cola from both Coke and Pepsi.  Once they had tasted both drinks, the participants were asked to report which was better tasting.  The results indicated that participants found Pepsi products to be better tasting.  What is the independent
    variable in this study?
28. Herrman recommends that his students take the practice GRE before registering to take the real GRE.  Dr. Herrman makes this recommendation because he knows that __________ can increase performance on subsequent experiences with the same tasks.
29. In a __________, participants will be exposed to only one level of the independent variable.
30. Tamir et al. (2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games.  The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music.  The researchers then measured the participant’s performance while listening to each type of music.  What is the independent variable in this study?