PHSC 210 Quiz 3

PHSC 210 Quiz 3

PHSC 210 Quiz 3 Liberty University

PHSC 210 Quiz: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Geologic Time

Module 3: Week 3

1. Which form of radioactive decay involves a nucleus splitting into two, roughly equal-sized nuclei?
2. Who calculated that the Earth was created in 4,004 B.C.?
3. Tight folding in sedimentary rocks
4. Based on the outside reading, scientists from the RATE team discovered that the loss of helium from small crystals (zircons) can be used as a “clock”. Ages of granites from this method were:
5. All are necessary except the following for determining the Richter magnitude for earthquakes
6. The movement of a slinky® best represents
7. What type of fossil is formed by the preservation of skeletal parts of the organism?
8. Which rule of geology states that, in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, the oldest rock is at the bottom?
9. Which of the following scientists is a good example of a catastrophist?
10. The largest earthquakes that have been measured with the Richter Scale are in the _____ range.
11. You are flying over California and notice a fault offsetting the rows of trees in an orange orchard. The far side of the orchard (on the other side of the fault) has moved to the left. You would likely be looking at a(n)
12. Which one of the following is not a consequence of large earthquakes?
13. The most dangerous type of volcano on earth is typically the
14. Which scientist developed many of the basic rules and principles of relative dating?
15. In what types of fault does the hanging wall move at a low angle over the foot wall?
16. A crystal is sampled for radiometric dating. There is 12.5% parent and 87.5% daughter in the crystal Assuming that the system has remained closed, how many half-lives has the parent undergone?
17. Which form of radioactive decay involves a nucleus ejecting two protons and two neutrons from its nucleus?
18. Carbon-14 decays into which element?
19. After two half-lives, there are no parent isotopes remaining.
20. A slinky vibrates in a similar way to an “S” wave.
21. A thrust fault is a type of strike slip fault.
22. The RATE team discovered that a helium “clock” showed supposedly ancient minerals were actually 4,000 years old.
23. Finely laminate (layered) deposits are always made in quiet geological settings.
24. Cinder cones often produce massive lava flows.
25. Regarding radioactive dating methods, what are three requirements that must be met for an accurate age to be determined? Which of the three requirements is problematic and why? Your answer must be at least one paragraph in length.

Set 1

1. The movement of a slinky® best represents
2. Which type of wave can potentially be produced by a large earthquake on the ocean floor?
3. Which one of the following is not a consequence of large earthquakes?
4. Which one layer of the earth do “S” waves not travel through?
5. Which of the following scientists is a good example of a catastrophist?
6. Which rule of geology states that, in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, the oldest rock is at the bottom?
7. The largest earthquakes that have been measured with the Richter Scale are in the
8. All of the following are true of a nuée ardente EXCEPT:
9. The largest volcanoes (volume-wise) are
10. If you are flying over a mountain and see sedimentary layers making an outline in the shape of an overturned cereal bowl, the feature would be called a(n)
11. All of the following are true of Danish anatomist Niels Stensen (know as Nicolas Steno) EXCEPT:
12. You examine a cliff face and notice a It appears that the hanging wall has moved downward in relationship to the footwall. The correct name of the fault would be
13. These types of volcanoes typically emit large volumes of gas, pyroclastic material and lava flows
14. The most dangerous type of volcano on earth is typically the
15. Choose the false statement regarding pyroclastic flows
16. A rope or spring propagating an “S” shaped wave after shaking it is representative of what type of earthquake wave?
17. Usually the shortest-lived type of volcano is the
18. An instrument used to measure and record the magnitude of an earthquake is called a(n)
19. The Mercalli scale is useful to describe the intensity of an earthquake in a populated
20. The largest landslide in modern times happened during the 1980 eruption of Mount Helens.
21. A Richter magnitude “7” earthquake is 2 times more energetic than a “5.”
22. Pahoehoe lava is rough and
23. Canyons are sometimes cut before rivers can occupy
24. A seismometer only detects an earthquake, it cannot measure
25. Regarding radioactive dating methods, what are three requirements that must be met for an accurate age to be determined? Which of the three requirements is problematic and why? Your answer must be at least one paragraph in

Set 2

1. If you drive through a road cut and see sedimentary layers folded in the shape of an arch, it would be called a(n)
2. The thickest part of the earth is the
3. Secular geologists believe that Earth is how old?
4. Carbon-14 decays into which element?
5. The movement of a slinky® best represents
6. The largest volcanoes (volume-wise) are
7. Which type of fossilization is formed by the solidifying of tree sap?
8. Which form of radioactive decay involves a nucleus ejecting two protons and two neutrons from its nucleus?
9. Who calculated that the Earth was created in 4,004 B.C.?
10. Which scientist developed the “Principle of Biological Succession”?
11. Which rule of geology states that when you find a rock (R) with pieces of another rock (r) in it, rock (R) is younger than rock(r)?
12. Usually the shortest-lived type of volcano is the
13. A crystal is sampled for radiometric dating. There is 12.5% parent and 87.5% daughter in the crystal Assuming that the system has remained closed, how many half-lives has the parent undergone?
14. Which one of the following is not a consequence of large earthquakes?
15. Uniformitarianism can be summed up as:
16. Which of the following scientists is a good example of a catastrophist?
17. Catastrophists held to all of the following ideas EXCEPT:
18. The most dangerous type of volcano on earth is typically the
19. The folds in the Tapeats Sandstone are very difficult to explain from a conventional perspective.
20. Most volcanoes form away from plate boundaries.
21. The Cascade volcanoes in the state of Washington pose severe lahar threats if they were to erupt.
22. Nico Steno formulated many of the rules used in relative dating.
23. A 250 m high tsunami was produced during the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens.
24. Anthropologists are scientists who study fossils.
25. Name and describe three of Dr. Steve Austin’s contributions to earth science following his study of the Mt. St. Helens eruption.  Don’t simply copy from the book.  Your answers must be at least one paragraph in length.