PHIL 240 Quiz 1,2,3,4

PHIL 240 Quiz 1,2,3,4

PHIL 240 Quiz 1 Liberty University

PHIL 240 Quiz Philosophical Evidences of the Christian Faith

1. The logical conclusion of Leibnez’s argument is that God is the explanation of the existence of the universe.
2. Christian apologetics involves making a case for the truth of the Christian faith.
3. Cosmology is the study of arguments pertaining to the existence of God.
4. Ultimate significance depends solely upon the reality of immortality as it applies to the human being.
5. Apologetics provides a guarantee that believers will not stray from their faith.
6. Atheism provides a consistent approach to finding meaning, value, and purpose in human existence.
7. The term “apologetics” is derived from the English word “apologize.”
8. The approach that says if a person does not accept good arguments, they must be suffering from some form of cognitive pathology moral problem, pride, willful disobedience
9. If successful, Leibnez’s argument proves the existence of a necessary, uncaused, timeless, spaceless, immaterial, personal Creator of the universe.
10. The approach recommended by Dr. Foreman as being the most effective
11. If successful, Leibnez’s argument proves the existence of a necessary, uncaused, timeless, spaceless, immaterial, personal Creator of the universe.
12. Christian apologetics involves making a case for the truth of the Christian faith.
13. The biblical mandate for apologetics is in part based upon 1 Peter 3:15, which calls for being prepared to make a defense of the faith without being defensive or argumentative.
14. According to Craig, the universe does exist necessarily.
15. According to the first premise of Leibniz’s argument, if God exists, then He is a necessarily existing, uncaused being.
16. Strong rationalists do not believe one can argue from a completely neutral perspective.
17. Cosmology is the study of arguments pertaining to the existence of God.
18. Secularism is a worldview that predisposes an individual from accepting that miracles and divine revelation are possible.
19. Without God, all value and the determination of right and wrong become personally relative, subjective judgments.
20. According to Leibniz, things that exist contingently can fail to exist and so need an external cause to explain why they do in fact exist.
21. The example of Jesus and the apostles seems to affirm the value of apologetics.
22. Jesus never appealed to the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy as a means to defend his messianic claim of identity.
23. The approach that says religious claims are not open to rational evaluation but must be taken by faith is:
24. Apologetics provides a guarantee that believers will not stray from their faith.
25. According to Craig, the universe does exist necessarily.

PHIL 240 Quiz 2 Liberty University

PHIL 240 Quiz The Existence of God

1. Moral values and duties exist independently from God.
2. Ad Hocexplanations are generally considered weak and not looked upon favorably.
3. The moral argument for God’s existence is based on the initial premise: “If God does not exist, then objective moral values and duties do not exist.”
4. The criterion for a best explanation that considers quantity of facts accounted for by an explanation is referred to as
5. The kalamcosmological argument states (as its first premise) that everything that begins to exist has a cause. Therefore, God does not require a “cause” because he did not begin to exist at a point in time.
6. In regard to the universe, the term “fine-tuned” simply means that the universe was designed for a purpose.
7. The evidentialversion of the atheistic argument from suffering is based on improbability, not impossibility.
8. According to Craig, the standard big bang model predicts an absolute beginning of the universe.
9. One of the strongest arguments in support of the existence of God is the resurrection of Jesus. If the resurrection of Jesus happened, then it follows that God exists.
10. Premise 1 of Al-Ghazali’s argument states that everything has a cause.
11. One of the strongest arguments in support of the existence of God is the resurrection of Jesus. If the resurrection of Jesus happened, then it follows that God exists.
12. The kalamcosmological argument enjoys the benefit of sharing a common belief in creation between Christians, Jews, and Muslims.
13. Traditional theism believes that God is eternal and uncaused, while atheism has traditionally argued that the universe is eternal and uncaused.
14. Premise 1 of Al-Ghazali’s argument states that everything has a cause.
15. The second law of thermodynamics suggests that an infinite past would result in the universe having already reached a state of equilibrium.
16. According to Craig, the argument from intelligent design is based on the initial premise that the fine-tuning of the universe is due to either physical necessity, chance, or design.
17. According to Craig, although at a superficial level suffering calls into question God’s existence, at a deeper level suffering actually proves God’s existence.
18. Moral values and duties exist independently from God.
19. According to Craig, although at a superficial level suffering calls into question God’s existence, at a deeper level suffering actually proves God’s existence.
20. The “ Kalam” cosmological argument is based in a belief that the universe had a beginning.
21. The design argument concludes that the fine-tuned universe is better explained by design than by necessity or chance.
22. The moral argument for God’s existence I based on the initial premise: “If God does not exist, objective moral values and duties do not exist.”
23. The illustration of “Hilbert’s Hotel” demonstrates that the existence of an actually infinite number of things is absurd.
24. The idea that moral values exist without any foundation is called “atheistic moral Platonism.”
25. The idea that moral values exist without any foundation is called “atheistic moral Platonism.”

PHIL 240 Quiz 3 Liberty University

PHIL 240 Quiz Authenticity of the Gospel and Canon

1. The criterion of embarrassment provides a strong point of support for the authenticity of the gospel accounts, especially given that all four gospels say that women (who were not considered credible witnesses in that society) were the first ones to the empty tomb and the first to learn that Jesus was raised from the dead.
2. In this search, a real attempt is made to do history without letting theological assumptions predominate over historical method.
3. The fact that the gospel of Mark is attributed to Mark as author and not to Peter (the source that Mark used) is a strong support for the authenticity of the book.
4. The fact that the Gospels have several differences is actually evidence of their authenticity, and demonstrates that they were not produced in collusion with one another.
5. The one below that is the major distinction of the third search:
6. The four Gospels in the New Testament were originally anonymous.
7. “Canon” is an English transliteration of the Greek word meaning inspired or “God-breathed.”
8. The fact that the Gospels have several differences is actually evidence of their authenticity and demonstrates that they were not produced in collusion with one another.
9. The recollections of the disciples regarding the events and words of Jesus were primarily collective memories subject to eyewitness verification.
10. The early church universally accepted the 27 books of the New Testament as scripture by the close of the second century AD.
11. The proper view of canonicity states that the early church determined the 27 books of the New Testament based upon the apostolic authority resting with the church.
12. Ancient historians were not as concerned with exact quotations as they were in getting the gist of the message correct.
13. Memorization was so important in the culture of Jesus’ disciples that it is proper to expect that they memorized verbatim the words of Jesus and that these words are exactly recorded decades later in the written gospels.
14. Type of criticism that examines the early literary sources behind the gospel accounts:
15. The early church universally accepted the 27 books of the New Testament as scripture by the close of the second century AD.
16. Memorization was so important in the culture of Jesus’ disciples that it is proper to expect that they memorized verbatim the words of Jesus and that these words are exactly recorded decades later in the written gospels.
17. Many of the Eastern Church fathers expanded the list of New Testament books to include many books no longer considered canonical.
18. An examination of the New Testament indicates that the early church was very quick to put an apostle’s name on anonymous books as a means to authenticate the authority of these books.
19. Discerning which books belong in the Bible and how we can tell is called canonization.
20. In the realm of biblical scholarship, the word “criticism” relates to research and assessment rather than a negative attitude.
21. In the realm of biblical scholarship, the word “criticism” relates to research and assessment rather than a negative attitude.
22. The character and message of the “Gnostic” gospels is strikingly similar to that of the canonical gospels.
23. The character and message of the “Gnostic” gospels is strikingly similar to that of the canonical gospels.
24. In answering the question as to why there was a “delay” in the writing of the gospels, it is vitally important to remember that the oral proclamation of the gospel was of primary concern to leaders of the church in the first few decades after Christ’s ministry on earth.
25. According to critical scholars, the fact that Jesus said things which were unique and dissimilar to the Judaic teachings of his day should argue in favor of the authenticity of his words as represented in the written gospels. However, they are not very consistent in the application of this rule.

PHIL 240 Quiz 4 Liberty University

PHIL 240 Quiz Reliability of the New Testament

Set 1

1. The one below that is NOT one of the reasons listed in class for why we don’t have more external information about Jesus:
2. The presence of hard sayings and counterproductive features in the Gospels demonstrates a desire to accurately preserve the text.
3. Most New Testament scholars are of the opinion that no doctrine of the New Testament is jeopardized by textual variants.
4. A large and significant portion of textual variants in the New Testament involve variants that are both meaningful and viable. These variants comprise roughly 10% of the New Testament.
5. Currently there are over 5,000 Greek manuscripts of the New Testament that are known to exist.
6. Two claims are made and there are significant differences or conflicts between the claims. According to Dr. Foreman, this is referred to as a:
7. Generally speaking, in New Testament textual criticism, the preferred variant or reading is normally the one found in the earliest manuscripts.
8. The story of the adulterous woman about to be stoned in John 8 is accepted as authentic by the majority of critical scholars.
9. Generally speaking, manuscript evidence points towards a scribal tendency to add to the text rather than delete material from the text.
10. In New Testament textual criticism, a variant in the manuscript evidence that is found in geographically widespread locations in the first few centuries of the Christian era is more likely to be original than the one that is found in only one location.
11. The repetition of the same stories about Jesus under the control of eyewitnesses is one piece of evidence of a faithful and substantially accurate oral transmission of the Jesus tradition.
12. As one compares manuscript evidence for the New Testament, God’s providence is clearly seen in that late manuscripts reveals startling similarity to early manuscripts. Nevertheless, thousands of variants between these manuscripts do exist.
13. Generally speaking, in New Testament textual criticism, the preferred variant or reading is normally the one found in the earliest manuscripts.
14. The value of the presence of creeds and hymns in Paul’s epistles is because:
15. A viable variant is one that has sufficient pedigree to have some likelihood of reflecting the original wording of the text.
16. The original of an ancient writing is called the:
17. Textual criticism of the New Testament is necessary because the original documents no longer exist and the copies of these documents are not in complete agreement.
18. Many of the variants among New Testament manuscripts affect cardinal doctrines of the Christian faith.
19. In textual criticism, internal evidence concerns the examination of the wording of the variants to determine which reading gave rise to the others and is, therefore, probably original.
20. The King James Version of the Bible is based on manuscripts that are considerably earlier than the manuscripts used in the translation of modern English Bible translations.
21. As time passes, we are getting further from the original text of the New Testament. Therefore, older translations are more likely to be accurate than newer translations.
22. The majority of textual variants between New Testament manuscripts are spelling errors that have no impact on the meaning of the text.
23. Among the ancient versions of the New Testament, the Latin versions are the most prominent with over ten thousand Latin manuscripts known to exist.
24. The traditional authorship of the gospels can be defended by:
25. While translations of the Greek manuscripts are important in the work of New Testament textual criticism, the commentaries of the church fathers are generally not considered helpful in determining the words of the New Testament text.