HSCO 502 Test 2

HSCO 502 Test 2

HSCO 502 Test 2 Liberty University

HSCO 502 Quiz 1 Foundations, Infancy to Early Childhood

HSCO 502 Quiz: Early Childhood to Adolescence

HSCO 502 Quiz: Young Adulthood to Late Adulthood

Set 1

1. A person who perceives neutral events as containing aggressive or threatening meaning is said to possess a
2. Video response. Review the video on, page 173 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct.
   Statement 1: the video demonstrates that self-recognitions is a fluid characteristic and can occur at any time in a child’s development.
   Statement 2:  The video demonstrates that the emergence of self-awareness and self-concept are psychosocial processes, not related to cognitive development.
   Statement 3: the video demonstrates the emergence of self-recognition in children; typically, child gain objective self-awareness around 15 months old.
3. Which of the following is a temperamental characteristic that is associated with prosocial behavior?
4. Pubertal processes begin when certain changes occur in the endocrine system. Which of the following explains the beginning of this process?
5. When Sammy had to learn the names of all the planets, as well as their relative sizes, he made up sentences to help him create meaningful links between the concepts. For example, “Eartha ate the Mars candy bar” helped him remember that Earth is larger than Mars. Sammy was using a memory strategy called
6. Which of the following does not
   contribute to improvements in children’s ability to remember with increasing age?
7. Which of the following best represents Mead’s contribution to our understanding of self-development?
8. Video response. Review the video on, page 376 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct.
   Statement 1: The girl was exhibiting a normal element of adolescent development by desiring that her parents allow her to make more decisions on her own, and to trust her ability to make good decisions.
   Statement 2:  The parents described in the video were permissive and allowed the girl lenience in her activities and freedom to make her own decisions.
   Statement 3: The girl in the video described her parents as good role models but admitted that she often disagreed with them.
9. What does Savin-Williams (2005) argue about the nature of sexual orientation?
10. When Marla, age 14, decides that she is a good writer because she gets better grades than her friend Jenna on stories she writes for English, she is demonstrating the use of ____________ as part of identity formation.
11. By middle childhood, boys’ choices of companions tend to be based on shared interests, whereas girls’ choices of companions tend to be based more on
12. Males are less likely to survive than females, both before and after birth. One important reason is that
13. The unique state of instability and anxiety in adolescence, brought on by body changes, emerging sexual needs, hormonal shifts, cognitive changes, and changing maturity demands, is referred to as
14. Experimentation with deviant or risky behaviors (drug use, vandalism, sex, truancy, etc.) in adolescence is
15. Which of the following emotions develops only after a child has a mental representation of him or herself as a separate person?
16. Research indicates that sex role development usually proceeds normally in single parent families as well as in the more traditional dual parent families. These findings are not consistent with predictions from what type of theory about how sex differences develop?
17. Which of the following describes a type of influence that parents can have on whether or not their adolescent becomes a member of a particular crowd?
18. Which of the following is more typical of boys’ sex-segregated groups than of girls’ sex segregated groups?
19. Annette is a warm and affectionate mother to her sons, Jason and Keith. When she comes home from her job, she likes to spend time playing with them, preparing their favorite foods, and watching TV with them. She describes herself as a “soft touch” when it comes to her children. Lately she has been hearing complaints about 6-year-old Jason’s behavior in school. Annette thinks the teacher is being too hard on her son. She does not want anything to affect the good relationship she has with her children. Which style best describes Annette’s parenting?
20. Billy’s babysitter takes him to the park every day where he can play with other preschoolers. When Billy falls or gets hurt, his babysitter soothes him until he feels better. One day Dwayne, another preschool child, falls from the swings. Billy looks concerned and rushes over to help. Then Billy tells his babysitter that Dwayne got hurt. According to research, Billy’s prosocial behavior is strongly related to Billy’s experience of
21. Piaget’s description of the differences between preoperational thought (characteristic of preschool aged children) and concrete operational thought (characteristic of elementary school aged children), includes which of the following?
22. One factor that promotes self-esteem among minority group members is
23. The maturing of the corpus callosum by middle childhood is especially important for
24. Memory is to some degree reconstructed. This accounts for the phenomenon of
25. Biological females with two X chromosomes are sometimes born with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), which causes their external genitalia to appear more like those of a male. They may be misidentified at birth and raised as males. If the correct identification is not made before age 3, physicians often advise parents to continue raising the child as a boy, because the child’s gender identity may be difficult to change after age 3. The experiences of CAH girls and other gender atypical children have helped demonstrate that
26. One gender-related characteristic of peer evaluations is that
27. High levels of parental monitoring and control are associated with which of the following outcomes regardless of ethnicity or social class?
28. Which of the following statements is FALSE with respect to the moral self:
29. Which statement about children’s antisocial behavior is INCORRECT:
30. Beliefs about sex differences sometimes are supported by research and sometimes are not. Which of the following gender stereotypes is not supported by research?
31. Which of the following statements is FALSE with regard to the onset of menarche?
32. Sabrina and Bethany are both members of the same crowd in high school, which means that
33. The ability to restrain or redirect a strong impulse in order to perform a less-preferred response is called
34. What is the “two-pronged approach” to helping adolescents with their behavioral, social, or academic problems?
35. For an adolescent engaging in risky behavior (e.g., alcohol use), one strategy that counselors can use is to introduce dissonance into the discussion. Before a counselor can do so effectively, she must
36. What kind of peer intervention is least likely to be helpful to troubled teens?
37. When data are analyzed together from a large number of different studies on the same question, like “are there sex differences in nurturing tendencies,” the report is called a
38. A coping style which has been linked to higher levels of depression among adolescent girls and women is
39. Video response. Review the video on, page 386 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct.
    Statement 1: The video suggests that the media does apply peer pressure to adolescents to dress and act according popular trends.
    Statement 2:  The video suggests that text messaging is the most popular form of communication and even increases responses to parents.
    Statement 3: The video suggests that there are both positive and negative influences of social media on adolescents.
40. Brain developments in the adolescent period include which of the following?
41. Recent research on the self-system supports the idea that the self is ____________ in nature.
42. Which of the following most accurately reflects Erikson’s view of identity?
43. Video response. Review the video on, page 215 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct.
    Statement 1: The boy is reciting an audio biological memory of the event based on episodic memory.
    Statement 2:  The boy is using schematic representation of the event to form a script.
    Statement 3: The boy is demonstrating declarative knowledge about facts and events.
44. Video response. Review the video on, page 307 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct.
    Statement 1: When considering selective association, gender is a key consideration across cultures, during middle childhood.
    Statement 2: During middle childhood, girls are more interested in high activity play and boys are more interested in cooperative play; this changes during adolescence.
    Statement 3: To help child develop appropriate peer relationships, girls and boys should be forced to mix and be introduced to activities that are suitable to both genders.
45. Which of the following is a critical element that underlies the development of self-control?
46. Some research shows that cultural values and goals shape the kinds of discipline that parents use with their children. One example is that Puerto Rican mothers wanted their children to recognize their obligations and connectedness to others; their goals for their children were more ____________ than the goals of European American mothers
47. Friendship, according to Selman, requires balancing
48. According to research, in middle childhood,  academic competence, athletic competence physica appearence , peer acceptance and behavioral conduct are important to the development of self-esteem. Which one of these domains have been proven to be more important that the others?
49. When considering identity status, which statement is TRUE?
50. In adolescence and early adulthood, males and females begin to spend more time in mixed-gender groups. Studies of who has more influence on the outcome of problem solving in mixed-gender groups indicate that

Set 2

1. Which of the following describes a type of influence that parents can have on whether or not their adolescent becomes a member of a particular crowd?
2. Memory is to some degree reconstructed. This accounts for the phenomenon of
3. Video response. Review the video on, page 386 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct.
   Statement 1: The video suggests that the media does apply peer pressure to adolescents to dress and act according popular trends.
   Statement 2:  The video suggests that text messaging is the most popular form of communication and even increases responses to parents.
   Statement 3: The video suggests that there are both positive and negative influences of social media on adolescents.
4. Self-esteem has been mistakenly touted as the “holy grail” of mental health, and this has meant that
5. What is the “two-pronged approach” to helping adolescents with their behavioral, social, or academic problems?
6. A coping style which has been linked to higher levels of depression among adolescent girls and women is
7. Friendship, according to Selman, requires balancing
8. Video response. Review the video on, page 261 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct.
   Statement 1: The two younger children demonstrated preconventional morality, and the two older children demonstrated conventional morality.
   Statement 2:  The two younger children were mostly concerned with the consequences of the behavior whereas the two older children were able to consider intentions.
   Statement 3: All four children demonstrated preconventional morality.
9. Stanley is 7 years old. His parents are quite concerned about his school progress. Although he has begun to learn to read, he reverses some letters when he writes. Based on research, Stanley’s school counselor should tell his parents that
10. Piaget’s description of the differences between preoperational thought (characteristic of preschool aged children) and concrete operational thought (characteristic of elementary school aged children), includes which of the following?
11. Brain developments in the adolescent period include which of the following?
12. When considering identity status, which statement is TRUE?
13. What does Savin-Williams (2005) argue about the nature of sexual orientation?
14. Which of the following does not
    contribute to improvements in children’s ability to remember with increasing age?
15. A person who perceives neutral events as containing aggressive or threatening meaning is said to possess a
16. Which of the following parenting styles is most closely associated with positive outcomes in psychosocial development and school achievement for adolescents?
17. Biological females with two X chromosomes are sometimes born with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), which causes their external genitalia to appear more like those of a male. They may be misidentified at birth and raised as males. If the correct identification is not made before age 3, physicians often advise parents to continue raising the child as a boy, because the child’s gender identity may be difficult to change after age 3. The experiences of CAH girls and other gender atypical children have helped demonstrate that
18. In adolescence and early adulthood, males and females begin to spend more time in mixed-gender groups. Studies of who has more influence on the outcome of problem solving in mixed-gender groups indicate that
19. Which of the following is a critical element that underlies the development of self-control?
20. Which of the following is a temperamental characteristic that is associated with prosocial behavior?
21. According to research, in middle childhood,  academic competence, athletic competence physica appearence , peer acceptance and behavioral conduct are important to the development of self-esteem. Which one of these domains have been proven to be more important that the others?
22. The unique state of instability and anxiety in adolescence, brought on by body changes, emerging sexual needs, hormonal shifts, cognitive changes, and changing maturity demands, is referred to as
23. Some research shows that cultural values and goals shape the kinds of discipline that parents use with their children. One example is that Puerto Rican mothers wanted their children to recognize their obligations and connectedness to others; their goals for their children were more ____________ than the goals of European American mothers
24. When Sammy had to learn the names of all the planets, as well as their relative sizes, he made up sentences to help him create meaningful links between the concepts. For example, “Eartha ate the Mars candy bar” helped him remember that Earth is larger than Mars. Sammy was using a memory strategy called
25. Video response. Review the video on, page 376 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct.
    Statement 1: The girl was exhibiting a normal element of adolescent development by desiring that her parents allow her to make more decisions on her own, and to trust her ability to make good decisions.
    Statement 2:  The parents described in the video were permissive and allowed the girl lenience in her activities and freedom to make her own decisions.
    Statement 3: The girl in the video described her parents as good role models but admitted that she often disagreed with them.
26. Video response. Review the video on, page 307 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct.
    Statement 1: When considering selective association, gender is a key consideration across cultures, during middle childhood.
    Statement 2: During middle childhood, girls are more interested in high activity play and boys are more interested in cooperative play; this changes during adolescence.
    Statement 3: To help child develop appropriate peer relationships, girls and boys should be forced to mix and be introduced to activities that are suitable to both genders.
27. Research indicates that sex role development usually proceeds normally in single parent families as well as in the more traditional dual parent families. These findings are not consistent with predictions from what type of theory about how sex differences develop?
28. Which of the following is true with regard to the way coping styles relate to depression?
29. Sabrina and Bethany are both members of the same crowd in high school, which means that
30. Males are less likely to survive than females, both before and after birth. One important reason is that
31. Pubertal processes begin when certain changes occur in the endocrine system. Which of the following explains the beginning of this process?
32. Which of the following statements is FALSE with respect to the moral self:
33. The internalization of rules and standards of behavior is most closely associated with the development of
34. When Marla, age 14, decides that she is a good writer because she gets better grades than her friend Jenna on stories she writes for English, she is demonstrating the use of ____________ as part of identity formation.
35. Experimentation with deviant or risky behaviors (drug use, vandalism, sex, truancy, etc.) in adolescence is
36. A cognitive change during middle childhood that is characterized by improved declarative, procedural, and conditional knowledge is know as
37. The ability to restrain or redirect a strong impulse in order to perform a less-preferred response is called
38. According to Crittendon’s model, infants encode early experiences of care-giving in the form of
39. By middle childhood, boys’ choices of companions tend to be based on shared interests, whereas girls’ choices of companions tend to be based more on
40. High levels of parental monitoring and control are associated with which of the following outcomes regardless of ethnicity or social class?
41. One factor that promotes self-esteem among minority group members is
42. Which of the following emotions develops only after a child has a mental representation of him or herself as a separate person?
43. Which of the following is a difference between working memory and long-term memory?
44. What kind of peer intervention is least likely to be helpful to troubled teens?
45. The maturing of the corpus callosum by middle childhood is especially important for
46. Which of the following best represents Mead’s contribution to our understanding of self-development?
47. The term ____________ refers to the description of a person’s attributes, whereas the term ____________ refers to how a person feels about those attributes.
48. Which of the following elements is most closely associated with the concept of the imaginary audience?
49. Video response. Review the video on, page 215 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct.
    Statement 1: The boy is reciting an audio biological memory of the event based on episodic memory.
    Statement 2:  The boy is using schematic representation of the event to form a script.
    Statement 3: The boy is demonstrating declarative knowledge about facts and events.
50. Schulman (2002) defines morality as composed of three interlocking systems, including