HLTH 501 Quiz Study Designs
HLTH 501 Quiz: From Study Designs to Descriptive Statistics
- The most appropriate study design depends, among other things, on the distribution of
- An investigator wants to assess whether hypertension is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Electronic medical records at a local hospital will be used to identify 100 patients with coronary heart disease. Fifty patients who are similar but free of coronary heart disease will also be selected. Each participant’s medical record will be analyzed for smoking history. The type of study proposed is a Cohort Study.
- Five hundred people are enrolled in a 10-year cohort study. At the start of the study, 50 have diagnosed CVD. Over the course of the study, 40 people who were free of CVD at baseline develop CVD. The prevalence of CVD at 10 years is 10%
- 1,000 people are enrolled in a 10-year cohort study. At the start of the study, 100 have diagnosed CVD. Over the course of the study, 80 people who were free of CVD at baseline develop CVD. What is the cumulative incidence at 10 years?
- The mean is the best measure of typical value (central tendency) when they are outliers present in the data.
- Biostatistics is integral to the field of epidemiology, which is defined as study of health and illness in human populations, patterns of health or disease, and the factors that influence these patterns.
- Risk difference may sometimes be referred to as excess risk.
- The measure of uncertainty in a biostatistician’s calculation of a particular outcome that may result from using a subset of the population to estimate the actual likelihood of the event occurring in the population as a whole is referred to by what statistical term?
- The following data were collected as part of a study of tea consumption among undergraduate students in England. The following reflect cups per day consumed:
- Calculate the point prevalence for Alzheimer’s disease among individuals 65 years of age or older in a county that has 200,000 individuals who are 65 years of age or older, if 22,223 individuals who are 65 years of age or older have the disease.
- A study that is conducted at a single point in time is known as:
- In a study, some patients were not followed for a total of 10 years. Some suffered events (i.e., developed coronary artery disease during follow-up), whereas others dropped out of the study. The following table displays the total number of person-years of follow-up in each group.
- The applicability of the research results to a specific population obtained from a biostatistics study is best determined by which of the following?
- The median of a group of individuals’ BMIs whose BMIs are 20.47, 21.92, 23.32, 23.41, 25.7, and 30.1 is approximately 24.15.
- The best numerical summaries for dichotomous, ordinal, and categorical variables are relative frequencies.
- Assume a new measure of Intelligence Quotient (or IQ) has been developed. The mean IQ for the population is 100 and the standard deviation is 15. The standard deviation indicates the average distance an individual data value is from the mean is about 15 IQ points.
- Calculate the mean blood glucose level for a study measuring the blood glucose levels of 10 individuals whose blood glucose readings were as follows: 88, 97, 101, 104, 104, 107, 109, 117, 121, and 147.
- In a study measuring the frequency of pain scores of patients on a scale from 1 to 10 for a specific type of pain relief therapy, the pain score variable would best be described as which type of variable?
- The best measure of central tendency for systolic blood pressure readings obtained from a population of 7 individuals whose systolic blood pressure readings were 101, 104, 108, 109, 111, 112, and 160 is the mean.
- Incidence of disease is the proportion of individuals with the condition (disease) at a single point in time
- The following data were collected as part of a study of coffee consumption among graduate students. The following reflect cups per day consumed: 3, 4, 6, 8 ,2, 1, 0, and 2. The standard deviation is approximately 4.
- Which study type is usually conducted at a point in time?
- In a study, some patients were not followed for a total of 10 years. Some suffered events (i.e., developed coronary artery disease during follow-up), whereas others dropped out of the study. The following table displays the total number of person-years of follow-up in each group.
- A subset of the population of interest is often referred to by what statistical term?
- A nested case-control study is a specific type of case-control study that is usually designed from a cohort study.
- A fungal meningitis outbreak has been traced back to a particular compound pharmacy selling a specific injectable drug that is suspected to have been contaminated. In the past 4 weeks 15,051 patients were given the medication, and of those patients 72 individuals contracted fungal meningitis. What is the cumulative incidence for meningitis among those individuals who the medication was administered to?
- Which type of study design can assess temporal relationship?
- Understanding biostatistical principles is critical to public health education.
- Confounding is the major issue in clinical trials.
- Two types of medical devices used for knee replacement are being studied to see if the type of knee replacement used affects the rate of infection for a specific bacterial infection. The infection rate for a specific bacterial infection after surgery for device A is 0.0043. The rate for the same bacterial infection is 0.0121 for device B. How does the risk of developing the bacterial infection in individuals using device B compare to the risk of developing the bacterial infection in individuals using device A?
- Odds ratio can be used to approximate the relative risk when the disease under study is rare.
- What is the ideal study design from a statistical point of view?
- Two thousand are enrolled in a 20-year cohort study. At the start of the study, No one was diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. Over the course of the study, 100 people who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline develop cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease at baseline is 0.
- A clinical trial is an observational study design.
- An investigator reviewed the medical records of 200 children seen for care at Boston Medical Center in the past year who were between the ages 8 and 12 and identified 40 children with asthma. He also identified 40 children of the same ages who were free of asthma. Each child and their family were interviewed to assess whether there might be an association between certain environmental factors such as exposure to second-hand smoke. This study is an example of a:
- Misclassification bias often occurs in case-control studies.
- A design that is a very detailed report of the specific features of a particular participant or case is known as?
- Which of the following types of graphics would be most useful in demonstrating the frequency of a given outcome as it relates to an ordinal variable?
- Calculate the lower quartile of the data set for the blood glucose levels of 10 individuals whose blood glucose readings were as follows: 88, 97, 101, 104, 104, 107, 109, 117, 121, and 147.
- The population attributable risk is usually expressed as a percentage and ranges from 0% to 100%.
- The proportion of the sample with disease is computed by taking the ratio of the number with disease to the total sample size.
- Clinical trials are regulated in the United States by the Environmental Protection Agency.
- The term clinical means that the study involves people.
- The following data were collected as part of a study of tea consumption among undergraduate students in England. The following reflect cups per day consumed:
- Among individuals who eat a healthy diet and exercise frequently the point prevalence of hypertension is 0.09. Individuals subject to poverty, making it more difficult for them to eat a healthy diet and exercise frequently, have a 0.31 point prevalence for hypertension. What is the risk difference between the two groups?
- The Cumulative incidence is computed as the number of persons who develop a disease during a specified period over the number of persons examined at baseline
- An active-control trial is the best option for researchers hoping to test a newly devised therapy for a life-threatening illness among individuals with the illness, when a previously devised treatment is available for the illness.
- Race is an example of which type of variable?
- The following data were collected as part of a study of tea consumption among undergraduate students in England. The following reflect cups per day consumed:
- Confounding is usually a major issue in cohort studies.