HIEU 322 Textbook Quizzes 1,2,3,4 Liberty Answers

HIEU 322 Textbook Quizzes 1,2,3,4

HIEU 322 Quiz The Rise of the Roman Republic

Covers the Textbook material from Module 1: Week 1.

Existing Roman law was codified in the mid-5th century by the Decemviral Commission, and set up on bronze tablets in the Forum. What was the name of the code?
These religious officials in early Rome were the sole keepers of the temple archives and prescribed the various rituals, prayers, chants, and litanies for use in public worship and sacrifice. They also supervised the burial of the dead, and organized the calendar that fixed the dates of festivals.
Which of the following is true about women in early Rome?
These religious officials of early Rome were responsible for taking auspices and conducting auguries. They had the right to block public business by announcing unfavorable omens.
Rome was founded in Italy in the 8th century B.C. along this river.
Which of the following is true about early Romans and outsiders?
These magistrates examined the public and private conduct of senators, and registered citizens and their property.
A powerful man who protected the weak and vulnerable.
An emergency office which allowed for the appointment of a single man to command the Republic for a maximum of six months.
This class of Roman kin was those related by blood or adoption in general but often were those specifically in the female line.
This assembly had oversight of adoptions, wills, and disputes of inheritance.
Which of the following is true about Roman religion?
The Struggle of the Orders ended in 300s B.C. with the patricians retaining most of their political and social control.
. Early Roman society was divided in two large genealogical groups (or gentes) by a class distinction based on birth. The upper class was composed of this group of wealthy men who held a monopoly of power and influence. What was the name of this group?
What was Numen?
A board of priests in early Rome that dealt with issues of peace and war.
Which of the following is true about slavery in early Rome?
During the republican period of Roman history, the Romans created this office, held by two patricians and empowered with imperium.
These magistrates administered criminal law, and served as quartermasters in charge of supplies and the payment of troops.
This prominent Roman lawyer (52-120 A.D.) reflected upon the decay of Old Rome, a state marked by individual excellence and social harmony. When the power of Rome brought the curse of wealth, he argued, it destroyed the civic virtues, and then rampant luxury, greed, and ambition corrupted leaders and transformed citizens into subjects who could bear neither full servitude nor freedom. His two most significant works were Annales (18 books, covering the years 14-68 A.D.) and Historiae (12 books dealing with the events of the years 69-96 A.D.) Together, they constitute the most trustworthy source for the history of the early Principate. They are both factual and critical.
Which of the following is true about the Twelve Tables?
This class of Roman kin was those related by blood or adoption through a father and his male relatives up and down the line, including a father’s brother or sister, a paternal grandfather, a nephews and nieces, children, and grandchildren.
His History of Rome to 9 B. C., in 142 books, supplanted all previous chronicles, and has been hailed as a “colossal masterpiece.” Essentially a literary artist and court historian, this source of Roman history brought to bear upon the historical traditions of Rome an unexcelled narrative skill, a superb prose style, and all the techniques of rhetoric and drama, to create what was virtually a prose epic of the glories of Rome’s past. His basic aim was not critical inquiry, but moral reform through lessons to be drawn from an idealized past, through emphasis on ancient virtues, heroism, patriotic sacrifice and religious piety.
NOT true about the Roman family:
This arms-bearing body was organized in seven property classes which were subdivided into “centuries” of 100 men apiece. The assembly elected consuls, praetors, and censors, declared war, and served as the last court of appeals in capital cases.
This chief god of the Romans was originally a spirit of the vine, but over time became the symbol of the Roman State, the giver of victory, and the spirit of law and justice.
NOT true about Polybius:
This Roman god was originally the spirit of the forest, and protector of the farmer’s crops and herds, but later became the god of war, and defender of the Roman State against its enemies.
A man not protected by a powerful paterfamilias, and who made up for this deficiency by attaching himself to a more powerful man who could protect him as a father would.
These plebeian magistrates assisted the tribunes, and were superintendents of public works, food and water supplies, markets, and public games.
Which of the following statements is NOT true about early Roman society?
Which of the following is true concerning the Romans’ writing of their past?
This class of Roman kin included those who were related by marriage, such as a mother-in-law or father-in-law, and the parents of in-laws.
The lower class or genealogical group (gens) of early Roman society was composed of this group—the poor and dependent men who were small farmers, laborers, and
What was the Struggle of the Orders?
This 2nd century A.D. Roman biographer was an aide to Emperor Hadrian (117-138), and had access to the imperial depositories. In his Twelve Caesars, he linked individual lives and collective destinies closely together when in the first party of every biography he described an emperor’s administrative activities and outstanding deeds, while he dealt in the second part with an emperor’s personal life and character. His principal contribution was in his relatively high degree of objectivity. With him, there is a move away from the traditional eulogistic treatment, and movement toward a more astringent (or harsh or biting) atmosphere, in which the men whom he described were examined with a cooler and more disenchanted eye.
This prestigious republican institution was an advisory council of prominent and experienced men. It could not pass laws, but simply offered advice to magistrates. Despite its lack of official powers, its decrees were highly respected, and rarely did the various lawmaking bodies ignore or override its advice.
These plebeian officials had two main powers: the right to give aid—protecting the life, person, and interests of those who called upon them for help against a magistrate’s arbitrary use of power —and the right of veto of any official act. They were considered sacrosanct (or revered or untouchable). If anyone violently attacked them or interfered with their performance of duties, that person would be considered accursed and could be killed with impunity.
The Romans practiced cannibalism and human sacrifice in their religious observances.
The early Romans were a conservative people who valued law and order, honor and loyalty, & faithfulness to community.
According to lectures, what were some things that the early Romans valued?

HIEU 322 Quiz 2 Liberty University

HIEU 322 Quiz: The Punic Wars

Covers the Textbook material from Module 2: Week 2.

One of the most famous Roman women of the Late Republic. She was the daughter of Scipio Africanus, and the mother of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus.
NOT a factor in the coming of the Third Punic War (149-146 B.C.):
The son of Hamilcar Barca and the chief and brilliant commander of Carthaginian forces during the Second Punic War. In 218 B.C., he marched a force of 90,000 infantry and 12,000 cavalry into Italy. He won every major battle in Italy against the Romans.
This Roman warship during the First Punic War was modeled after Carthaginian ships. Built by the Romans in the late 260s B.C., it carried a crew of 420, including 300 rowers. It was heavy and strong, with a bronze beak used for ramming and sinking other ships.
Beginning in the 3rdcentury B.C., the Romans were heavily influenced by this group of people, whose poetry, drama, history, rhetoric, philosophy, and art provided a model for the Romans, and helped produce a distinctive Mediterranean culture.
The Roman strategy to win the Second Punic War.
A major problem facing the Romans in the post Punic Wars period was slave revolts.
The site of most of the ground fighting during the First Punic War.
This hinged and raised gangplank was added to Roman warships during the First Punic War. After an enemy ship was rammed, the gangplank (including a grappling spike) was dropped on the deck of an enemy’s disabled vessel.
After defeating Carthage decisively in the Second Punic War, Rome got bogged down in the Third Punic War– and against lesser foes. While there was no clear “winner” in this third war, a good case could be made that Carthage actually defeated Rome.
This successful Roman commander (and consul) in the Second Macedonian War was charismatic, cultured, and fluent in Greek. He electrified the Greek world with his slogan of “Freedom and self- determination of the Greeks.” In 196 B.C., he even made a grand appearance at the Isthmian Games at Corinth, where he proclaimed that the Greeks were to be subject to their own laws, without garrisons and without tribute.
At the December 218 B.C. battle at Trebia River, the hasty Roman commander, Titus Sempronius Longus marched across the river and attacked Hannibal’s main force. Meanwhile, an ambush party led by Hannibal’s brother, Mago, emerged at the rear of Sempronious’s line, sowing utter confusion and causing the Roman auxiliaries to break and ee. Sempronius was soundly defeated.
During the Rome-Syrian War (192-188 B.C.), this powerful Seleucid king— who had done much to revive Seleucid might in the Near East– moved a force into Greece to “liberate” it from Roman “oppression.” In response, Rome sent 30,000 troops to Greece, defeated him at Thermopylae in 191, and forced a peace in 188 that seceded all Seleucid land to Rome.
Who or what was Sophonisba?
Which of the following is true about Masinissa?
Sobered by their early defeats in the Second Punic War, the Romans elected this dictator to restore order. Contrary to that which was popular in Rome, the aged general wanted to avoid open battle with Hannibal. He believed that the best strategy against Hannibal was to harass his lines, and slash and burn the countryside so as to deprive the Puni of food stores. He was very unpopular, and soon removed from command.
This Macedonian king proved to be a problem for the Romans in the immediate post-Second Punic War period. In the lead up to the Second Macedonian War (200-196 B.C.), he attacked his free Greek neighbors, threatened Rhoades, and seized control of the Black Sea trade lanes.
Which of the following is true about the peace terms ending the Second Punic War?
Prior to the First Punic War, Rome had little, if any, experience with a navy. During the war, however, they developed this drawbridge that would crash into the deck of an enemy ship, and enable the Roman legions to board.
NOT true about Pyrrhus of Epirus:
NOT one of the consequences of war and empire in the years following the Punic Wars:
NOT a contributing factor in the coming of the First Punic War (264-241 B.C.).
The Sicilian Wars (480-307 B.C.) were a series of coniflicts between Carthage and the Greek city-states of Magna Graecia (headed by Syracuse) over control of Sicily.
As a result of this Roman victory in battle in 197 B.C., Macedonia was forced to recognize the freedom and independence of the Greeks, and the Second Macedonia War came to an end.
Which of the following is true about the battle of Zama in 202 B.C.?
NOT true about the ending of the First Punic War in 241 B.C.
NOT true about Carthage.
This social class was made up of all people involved in the business of public contracts.
What was the Ebro Treaty of 226 B.C.?
At this battle between Rome and Carthage (24 June 217 B.C.), the vain and overconfident Roman consul Gaius Flaminius pursued Hannibal into the mountains near Aretzo (and along this body of water), where the Carthaginian commander fell on his lines in the front, the rear, and the center. Many Romans drowned trying to swim from the Punic onslaught. The overall Roman losses at this battle were 30,000, including Flaminius.
This social class was made up of those wealthy patrician and plebeian landowning families whose current heads had obtained membership in the senate by appointment or by holding certain elective oces or whose direct male lines included men who had been members of the Senate.
This Greek city (and ally of Rome) located in Gaul between northern Italy and northern Spain was a factor in the coming of the Second Punic War. The growing power of Carthage in Spain threatened the city’s trade, which had expanded at Carthage’s expense during the First Punic War. The city was also afraid that Carthage– once if fully controlled Spain– might ally with neighboring tribes to eliminate them as a rival altogether. In 226 B.C., the Romans concluded the Ebro Treaty with Carthage to pacify the city.
This social class was made up of non-senatorial families who met the minimum property requirement to be senators.
NOT one of the causes of the Second Punic War.
The Roman consul Gaius Nero defeated Hannibal’s brother, Hasdrubal, at this battle in northern Italy in 207 B.C. Following his loss, Hasdrubal committed suicide.
This 216 B.C. battle was the worst military defeat in Roman history. Rome’s prestige was shattered, and the Carthaginians now claimed most of southern Italy. Only 15,000 out of an army over 80,000 survived.
In 175 B.C., this Seleucid king moved militarily against Rome’s Ptolemy ally in Egypt, and besieged Alexandria. The Roman envoy, C. Popillius Laenas, confronted Seleucid ruler, conveying the Senate’s “request” that he withdraw from Egypt. When he asked for time to consider, Popillius drew a circle around him in the sand and demanded a reply before he stepped out of it. This Seleucid prudently swallowed his pride, and retreated from Egypt.
This king ruled Macedon during the First and Second Macedonian Wars, and was a staunch supporter of Carthage. During his second war with Rome (200-196 B.C.), he was decisively defeated at the battle of Cynoscephalae. The subsequent Treaty of Tempea (196) forbade him to move or interfere beyond his borders.
NOT true about Scipio Africanus:
Which of the following would be a good ancient source for Rome during the Punic Wars?
Briey discuss the Roman way of war.

Other sets

This social class was made up of all people involved in the business of public contracts.
The son of Hamilcar Barca and the chief and brilliant commander of Carthaginian forces during the Second Punic War. In 218 B.C., he marched a force of 90,000 infantry and 12,000 cavalry into Italy. He won every major battle in Italy against the Romans.
This social class was made up of those wealthy patrician and plebeian landowning families whose current heads had obtained membership in the senate by appointment or by holding certain elective offices or whose direct male lines included men who had been members of the Senate.
Prior to the First Punic War, Rome had little, if any, experience with a navy. During the war, however, they developed this drawbridge that would crash into the deck of an enemy ship, and enable the Roman legions to board.
This successful Roman commander (and consul) in the Second Macedonian War was charismatic, cultured, and fluent in Greek. He electrified the Greek world with his slogan of “Freedom and self-determination of the Greeks.” In 196 B.C., he even made a grand appearance at the Isthmian Games at Corinth, where he proclaimed that the Greeks were to be subject to their own laws, without garrisons and without tribute.
As a result of this Roman victory in battle in 197 B.C., Macedonia was forced to recognize the freedom and independence of the Greeks, and the Second Macedonia War came to an end.
Who or what was Sophonisba?
Which of the following is true about the battle of Zama in 202 B.C.?
NOT a contributing factor in the coming of the First Punic War (264-241 B.C.).
Sobered by their early defeats in the Second Punic War, the Romans elected this dictator to restore order. Contrary to that which was popular in Rome, the aged general wanted to avoid open battle with Hannibal. He believed that the best strategy against Hannibal was to harass his lines, and slash and burn the countryside so as to deprive the Puni of food stores. He was very unpopular, and soon removed from command.
At the December 218 B.C. battle at Trebia River, the hasty Roman commander, Titus Sempronius Longus marched across the river and attacked Hannibal’s main force. Meanwhile, an ambush party led by Hannibal’s brother, Mago, emerged at the rear of Sempronious’s line, sowing utter confusion and causing the Roman auxiliaries to break and flee. Sempronius was soundly
The Roman strategy to win the Second Punic War.
During the Rome-Syrian War (192-188 B.C.), this powerful Seleucid king—who had done much to revive Seleucid might in the Near East– moved a force into Greece to “liberate” it from Roman “oppression.” In response, Rome sent 30,000 troops to Greece, defeated him at Thermopylae in 191, and forced a peace in 188 that seceded all Seleucid land to Rome.
Which of the following is true about the peace terms ending the Second Punic War?
In 175 B.C., this Seleucid king moved militarily against Rome’s Ptolemy ally in Egypt, and besieged Alexandria. The Roman envoy, C. Popillius Laenas, confronted Seleucid ruler, conveying the Senate’s “request” that he withdraw from Egypt. When he asked for time to consider, Popillius drew a circle around him in the sand and demanded a reply before he stepped out of it. This Seleucid prudently swallowed his pride, and retreated from Egypt.
The Roman consul Gaius Nero defeated Hannibal’s brother, Hasdrubal, at this battle in northern Italy in 207 B.C. Following his loss, Hasdrubal committed suicide.
This Macedonian king proved to be a problem for the Romans in the immediate post-Second Punic War period. In the lead up to the Second Macedonian War (200-196 B.C.), he attacked his free Greek neighbors, threatened Rhoades, and seized control of the Black Sea trade lanes.
NOT a factor in the coming of the Third Punic War (149-146 B.C.):
The Sicilian Wars (480-307 B.C.) were a series of conflicts between Carthage and the Greek city-states of Magna Graecia (headed by Syracuse) over control of Sicily.
This Roman warship during the First Punic War was modeled after Carthaginian ships. Built by the Romans in the late 260s B.C., it carried a crew of 420, including 300 rowers. It was heavy and strong, with a bronze beak used for ramming and sinking other ships.
NOT one of the causes of the Second Punic War.
This Greek city (and ally of Rome) located in Gaul between northern Italy and northern Spain was a factor in the coming of the Second Punic War. The growing power of Carthage in Spain threatened the city’s trade, which had expanded at Carthage’s expense during the First Punic War. The city was also afraid that Carthage– once if fully controlled Spain– might ally with neighboring tribes to eliminate them as a rival altogether. In 226 B.C., the Romans concluded the Ebro Treaty with Carthage to pacify the city.
A major problem facing the Romans in the post Punic Wars period was slave revolts.
NOT true about the ending of the First Punic War in 241 B.C.
This 216 B.C. battle was the worst military defeat in Roman history. Rome’s prestige was shattered, and the Carthaginians now claimed most of southern Italy. Only 15,000 out of an army over 80,000 survived.
At this battle between Rome and Carthage (24 June 217 B.C.), the vain and overconfident Roman consul Gaius Flaminius pursued Hannibal into the mountains near Aretzo (and along this body of water), where the Carthaginian commander fell on his lines in the front, the rear, and the center. Many Romans drowned trying to swim from the Punic onslaught. The overall Roman losses at this battle were 30,000, including Flaminius.
After defeating Carthage decisively in the Second Punic War, Rome got bogged down in the Third Punic War– and against lesser foes. While there was no clear “winner” in this third war, a good case could be made that Carthage actually defeated Rome.
Beginning in the 3 ^rd
century B.C., the Romans were heavily influenced by this group of people, whose poetry, drama, history, rhetoric, philosophy, and art provided a model for the Romans, and helped produce a distinctive Mediterranean culture.
NOT one of the consequences of war and empire in the years following the Punic Wars:
One of the most famous Roman women of the Late Republic. She was the daughter of Scipio Africanus, and the mother of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus.
This king ruled Macedon during the First and Second Macedonian Wars, and was a staunch supporter of Carthage. During his second war with Rome (200-196 B.C.), he was decisively defeated at the battle of Cynoscephalae. The subsequent Treaty of Tempea (196) forbade him to move or interfere beyond his borders.
Which of the following would be a good ancient source for Rome during the Punic Wars?
What was the Ebro Treaty of 226 B.C.?
This hinged and raised gangplank was added to Roman warships during the First Punic War. After an enemy ship was rammed, the gangplank (including a grappling spike) was dropped on the deck of an enemy’s disabled vessel.
This social class was made up of non-senatorial families who met the minimum property requirement to be senators.
NOT true about Carthage.
NOT true about Scipio Africanus:
NOT true about Pyrrhus of Epirus:
Which of the following is true about Masinissa?
The site of most of the ground fighting during the First Punic War.
Briefly discuss the Roman way of war.

HIEU 322 Quiz: The Fall of the Republic

Module 3: Week 3

Which of the following is true concerning the consulate of Pompey and Crassus?
This 67 B.C. law placed enormous power in the hands of one man to deal with the pirate menace in the eastern Mediterranean.
As the Social War came to an end in 88 B.C., Rome faced another military challenge—this time from the east and this king of Pontus, who sought to roll the Romans back from the eastern Mediterranean. His threat ultimately caused great political turmoil and civil strife in Rome itself.
In 88 B.C., this general (and former aide to Marius) took Rome by force, and established a dictatorship without a time limit. He was an optimate and pro-Senate. Indeed, one of his “reforms” was to move all power from the tribunes and the Plebian Assembly, and give it to the Centuriate Assembly.
In 43 B.C., this famed orator, lawyer, and defender of the Republic was beheaded by supporters of Antonius. Hiis head nailed to the wall of the Forum in Rome.
This label referred to the leading politicians in the Late Republic—such as the Gracchus brothers– who used and defended the powers of the popular assemblies and the popular office of tribune as a counterweight to senatorial authority and championed such economic measures as land distribution and debt cancellation. Overall, they appealed to the masses, and were considered demagogic by their elitist enemies.
The feud within the Second Triumvirate came to an end in 31 B.C. when Octavian defeated the forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, at this naval battle. It was Octavian’s victory here that gave him control over wealthy Egypt, and allowed him to regain financial footing for the Empire, and to begin establishing varies public treasures and funds.
NOT true about the Jugurthine War, 112-106 B.C.?
Which of the following is true about Tiberius Gracchus’ family background?
Which of the following is true about the rule of Julius Caesar?
NOT true about Tiberius Gracchus:
In 87 B.C., this former general and consul was recalled from exile by the consul Cinna. He stormed the seaport of Ostia near Rome, cut off Rome’s food supplies, and then starved the city into surrender. He also struck down all the nobles and senator whom he hated, and left their mutilated bodies littering the streets. In 86 B.C., he was elected to a seventh consulship, but died a few days after taking office.
NOT a factor in the breakdown of the First Triumvirate and the coming Roman Civil War in 49 B.C.:
Following Sulla’s retirement in 78 B.C., this corrupt governor of Sicily was elected Consul on a program that sought support among disaffected groups. The Senate supported his first two program points—the return of all exiles and the resumption cheap grain distributions to the poor—but refused to support his others, including the return of all confiscated properties to former owners and the restoration of power to the tribunes. He was ultimately sent to Florence, where he launched an unsuccessful rebellion.
Octavian was the son of Julius Caesar and an accomplished warrior. It was his reputation as a commander and daughter that intimidated Marcus Antonius, and led to the parting of ways between the two men.
The group of politicians in the Late Republic were more aristocratic—and the opponents of the Gracchus brothers—who avoided the masses, preferring instead to rely on the traditional political tools of family reputation, personal alliances with other aristocrats, and the marshalling of clients whose loyalty had been won by individual services. They believed they were “the best people.”
In 103 B.C., this tribune (and ally of the consul, Marius) introduced a law that made it a criminal offense to compromise, injure, or diminish the honor or dignity of the Roman people. He used this vague law to prosecute unpopular nobles, and to enhance his own power. In 100 B.C., he was killed after losing equestrian support over a bill that that fixed grained prices, opened land for veterans in Gaul, and stipulated that the Senate take on oath supporting this or be fined and exiled. The content of this bill, along with his tactics, led him to lose support among equestrians, who feared he might attack private property.
In 90 B.C., this Roman consul carried a bill that conferred citizenship on all Latins and Italians still loyal to Rome and to those who would at once lay down their arms.
In the 90s B.C. , optimate leaders dominated, refusing to grant land to Marius’ veterans and citizenship to Italian allies. They even expelled Italian allies from Rome, and enacted legislation that made it more dicult for populares to utilize tribunician legislation.
Julius Caesar’s top aide who—despite an exaggerated reputation for boozing and bullying—provided shrewd and diplomatic leadership in the hours and days immediately following Caesar’s assassination. Indeed, he maneuvered a compromise by which Caesar was not condemned as a tyrant, and his assassins received amnesty. He was later called a tyrant by Cicero.
In the 140s B.C., Gauis Laelius, a friend of Scipio Aemilanus and a senator, unsuccessfully called for the restoration of the Licinio-Sextian laws of 367. What were these laws?
Which of the following is true about the rebellion of Spartacus?
Tiberius Gracchus’ land reform bill was not a radical proposal based on some abstract ideology. Instead, it was rather conservative.
What motivated the reforms of Tiberius Gracchus?
NOT true about Gaius Gracchus:
The Roman general charged with clearing the Mediterranean of pirates, and who took Jerusalem in 63 B.C., ending Jewish independence.
This foe to the Sulla Senatorial order launched a rebellion in Spain in the 70s B.C., hoping to restore the anti-Sulla cause and return to Rome a hero. He defeated Pompey twice, but was assassinated in 74 B.C.
Tiberius Gracchus had a close and beneficial political alliance with Scipio Aemilianus.
The First Triumvirate was a secret agreement (60 B.C.) that created a dictatorial coalition. While primarily about personal advancement, it was oriented against the optimates and the Senate.
NOT true about Julius Caesar:
This wealthy general/politician was noted for his ambition and his business savvy, particularly in the acquisition of burned property, which he would repair or rebuild for a prot. He was also largely responsible for putting down the rebellion of Spartacus, but was overshadowed by the arrival of the popular general, Pompey, near the end of the campaign.
What was the Italian or Social War of 90-88 B.C.?
Consul between 104 and 100 B.C., who made important, if negative, changes in the Roman army. He reorganized the legion, and the army as a whole would now become voluntary (dropping property qualifications), professional, and politicized. Instead of soldiers being loyal to the idea of Rome, they now were loyal to individual commanders.
NOT true about Pompey:
This 48 B.C. clash between Pompey and Caesar was the climactic battle of the Roman civil war. Pompey was decisively defeated, and ed to Egypt, where he was murdered by Ptolemy XIII.
The leader of the Senate conspiracy against Caesar.
NOT a true statement about the Second Triumvirate:
This politician of the Late Republic gave up his patrician status to qualify for election as tribune. A gifted orator, he, as tribune in 88 B.C., proposed a bill that enrolled new Italian citizens in the thirty-five tribes, recalled all exiles, excluded senators who owed bill in excess of 2000 denarii, and replaced Sulla with Marius as commander to fight Pontus. The bill became law but was rescinded by Sulla and his invading army.
Not a member of the First Triumvirate:
The general effect of Caesar’s reforms following his military victory in Spain in 45 B.C.:
What are some things that account for the fall of the Republic?

Other sets

What motivated the reforms of Tiberius Gracchus?
NOT true about Tiberius Gracchus:
NOT a true statement about the Second Triumvirate:
The feud within the Second Triumvirate came to an end in 31 B.C. when Octavian defeated the forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, at this naval battle. It was Octavian’s victory here that gave him control over wealthy Egypt, and allowed him to regain financial footing for the Empire, and to begin establishing varies public treasures and funds.
Which of the following is true about Tiberius Gracchus’ family background?
Not a member of the First Triumvirate:
As the Social War came to an end in 88 B.C., Rome faced another military challenge—this time from the east and this king of Pontus, who sought to roll the Romans back from the eastern Mediterranean. His threat ultimately caused great political turmoil and civil strife in Rome itself.
Tiberius Gracchus had a close and beneficial political alliance with Scipio Aemilianus.
Which of the following is true concerning the consulate of Pompey and Crassus?
This 67 B.C. law placed enormous power in the hands of one man to deal with the pirate menace in the eastern Mediterranean.
Which of the following is true about the rule of Julius Caesar?
In 103 B.C., this tribune (and ally of the consul, Marius) introduced a law that made it a criminal offense to compromise, injure, or diminish the honor or dignity of the Roman people. He used this vague law to prosecute unpopular nobles, and to enhance his own power. In 100 B.C., he was killed after losing equestrian support over a bill that that fixed grained prices, opened land for veterans in Gaul, and stipulated that the Senate take on oath supporting this or be fined and exiled. The content of this bill, along with his tactics, led him to lose support among equestrians, who feared he might attack private property.
NOT true about the Jugurthine War, 112-106 B.C.?
Tiberius Gracchus’ land reform bill was not a radical proposal based on some abstract ideology. Instead, it was rather conservative.
The group of politicians in the Late Republic were more aristocratic—and the opponents of the Gracchus brothers—who avoided the masses, preferring instead to rely on the traditional political tools of family reputation, personal alliances with other aristocrats, and the marshalling of clients whose loyalty had been won by individual services. They believed they were “the best people.”
What was the Italian or Social War of 90-88 B.C.?
Julius Caesar’s top aide who—despite an exaggerated reputation for boozing and bullying—provided shrewd and diplomatic leadership in the hours and days immediately following Caesar’s assassination. Indeed, he maneuvered a compromise by which Caesar was not condemned as a tyrant, and his assassins received amnesty. He was later called a tyrant by Cicero.
In 90 B.C., this Roman consul carried a bill that conferred citizenship on all Latins and Italians still loyal to Rome and to those who would at once lay down their arms.
Following Sulla’s retirement in 78 B.C., this corrupt governor of Sicily was elected Consul on a program that sought support among disaffected groups. The Senate supported his first two program points—the return of all exiles and the resumption cheap grain distributions to the poor—but refused to support his others, including the return of all confiscated properties to former owners and the restoration of power to the tribunes. He was ultimately sent to Florence, where he launched an unsuccessful rebellion.
In the 140s B.C., Gauis Laelius, a friend of Scipio Aemilanus and a senator, unsuccessfully called for the restoration of the Licinio-Sextian laws of 367. What were these laws?
NOT a reform instituted by Julius Caesar in the 40s B.C.:
In 88 B.C., this general (and former aide to Marius) took Rome by force, and established a dictatorship without a time limit. He was an optimate and pro- Senate. Indeed, one of his “reforms” was to move all power from the tribunes and the Plebian Assembly, and give it to the Centuriate Assembly.
Consul between 104 and 100 B.C., who made important, if negative, changes in the Roman army. He reorganized the legion, and the army as a whole would now become voluntary (dropping property qualifications), professional, and politicized. Instead of soldiers being loyal to the idea of Rome, they now were loyal to individual commanders.
This label referred to the leading politicians in the Late Republic—such as the Gracchus brothers– who used and defended the powers of the popular assemblies and the popular office of tribune as a counterweight to senatorial authority and championed such economic measures as land distribution and debt cancellation. Overall, they appealed to the masses, and were considered demagogic by their elitist enemies.
NOT true about Pompey:
This foe to the Sulla Senatorial order launched a rebellion in Spain in the 70s B.C., hoping to restore the anti-Sulla cause and return to Rome a hero. He defeated Pompey twice, but was assassinated in 74 B.C.
This politician of the Late Republic gave up his patrician status to qualify for election as tribune. A gifted orator, he, as tribune in 88 B.C., proposed a bill that enrolled new Italian citizens in the thirty-five tribes, recalled all exiles, excluded senators who owed bill in excess of 2000 denarii, and replaced Sulla with Marius as commander to fight Pontus. The bill became law but was rescinded by Sulla and his invading army.
In the 90s B.C. , optimate leaders dominated, refusing to grant land to Marius’ veterans and citizenship to Italian allies. They even expelled Italian allies from Rome, and enacted legislation that made it more difficult for populares to utilize tribunician legislation.
NOT true about Julius Caesar:
The Roman general charged with clearing the Mediterranean of pirates, and who took Jerusalem in 63 B.C., ending Jewish independence.
NOT true about Gaius Gracchus:
Octavian was the son of Julius Caesar and an accomplished warrior. It was his reputation as a commander and fighter that intimidated Marcus Antonius, and led to the parting of ways between the two men.
In 87 B.C., this former general and consul was recalled from exile by the consul Cinna. He stormed the seaport of Ostia near Rome, cut off Rome’s food supplies, and then starved the city into surrender. He also struck down all the nobles and senator whom he hated, and left their mutilated bodies littering the streets. In 86 B.C., he was elected to a seventh consulship, but died a few days after taking office.
Which of the following is true about the rebellion of Spartacus?
NOT a factor in the breakdown of the First Triumvirate and the coming Roman Civil War in 49 B.C.:
The First Triumvirate was a secret agreement (60 B.C.) that created a dictatorial coalition. While primarily about personal advancement, it was oriented against the optimates and the Senate.
In 43 B.C., this famed orator, lawyer, and defender of the Republic was beheaded by supporters of Antonius. Hiis head nailed to the wall of the Forum in Rome.
This wealthy general/politician was noted for his ambition and his business savvy, particularly in the acquisition of burned property, which he would repair or rebuild for a profit. He was also largely responsible for putting down the rebellion of Spartacus, but was overshadowed by the arrival of the popular general, Pompey, near the end of the campaign.
The leader of the Senate conspiracy against Caesar.
This 48 B.C. clash between Pompey and Caesar was the climactic battle of the Roman civil war. Pompey was decisively defeated, and fled to Egypt, where he was murdered by Ptolemy XIII.
What are some things that account for the fall of the Republic?

HIEU 322 Quiz Early Roman Empire

Which of the following is true about Emperor Claudius?
This Roman Caesar succeeded Tiberius, and reigned from 37 to 41 A.D. He was lazy, incompetent, tyrannical, and dismissive of the Senate. It was later rumored that either he or one of his early supporters (Sutorius Marco) had smothered Tiberius Caesar.
Tiberius’ reign began with the execution of Augustus’ grandson, Agrippa Postumus. The author believes, as did Tacitus, that this execution represented the “first crime of the new principate.”
This prefect under Tiberius was portrayed by Tacitus as one of the most infamous and sinister personalities in Roman history. He supposedly had an affair with the wife of Tiberius’ son, Drusus II, and was rumored to have played a part in Drusus’ untimely death. Through intrigue and murder, he attempted to isolate the emperor, and maneuver his family into the Imperial line.
Which of the following is true concerning Augustus and slaves?
Which of the following is true about sources for the Julio-Claudians?
Only two surviving ancient writers give significant accounts of the whole Julio-Claudian period:
Augustus was a power hungry tyrant who refused to relinquish power, and who established an open monarchy in Rome.
Which of the following is true about Caligula?
Why did Claudius move against and conquer Britain in A.D. 43?
Augustus ended all elections in Rome during his reign.
Augustus retained the form of Roman republicanism (and was very respectful of the Senate), but changed the substance. Like spokes on a wheel, all things led to Augustus. He was in charge.
Claudius was a student of the law, and as emperor conducted trials in his own court at the expense of the magistrates, provincial governors, and the senate.
The name given to the monarchy that Octavian began late in the first century B.C. It was a term traditionally applied to highly respected statesmen, but by Octavian it was used to indicate head of state as first among equals.
When Agrippina threatened to support Nero’s step-brother, Britannicus—son of Claudius– as the rightful heir to the throne, Nero had him poisoned to death right.
Nero was very close and supportive of his mother, Agrippina.
The conquest of Britain reflects Claudius’s need for:
Which of the following is true about Augustus Caesar?
This sound Roman emperor ruled from 41 to 54 A.D. He was an excellent administrator and his government displayed imposing activity (including the acquisition of England as a province). It is believed that he his ambitious wife, Agrippina the Younger, killed him with poison mushrooms so that her son by another marriage could become ruler.
This Roman Emperor was the successor of Augustus Caesar. He reigned from A.D. 14 to 37.
NOT true about Emperor Claudius:
A spectacular undertaking of Claudius’ reign was this artificial harbor two miles north of Ostia, Rome’s existing (and very shallow) port near the mouth of the Tiber River.
Which of the following is true about Tiberius, A.D. 14-37?
Tiberius instituted a tyrannical reign of terror, sentencing hundreds to death for treason or maiestas, and relying with question on delatores (or informers)
Augustus Caesar was a very unpopular and hated political figure in Rome.
Claudius opposed public works projects, such as aqueducts, highways, and canals, and closed down all expenditures for them.
In 31 B.C. this grandnephew of Julius Caesar became absolute master of the Roman Empire (31 B.C.-14 A.D.). Remembering that Julius Caesar had been murdered because of his recourse to naked power, he concealed his ascendancy behind acceptable republican facades and traditions. Thus his method of consolidating power: retain the form while changing the substance. He is also remembered as Octavian.
NOT a rule the Roman government insisted upon for its subjects:
Which of the following is true about Augustus and the military?
NOT a component of Imperial stabilization under Augustus:
This grandnephew of Augustus was supposed to be Tiberius’ successor, but he died suddenly in A.D. 19 after a dispute with the Roman governor of Syria. The governor was charged with murder (and committed suicide), but many, including the fallen hero’s wife, believed he was killed by a jealous Tiberius.
This local queen in eastern Roman Britain was robbed and flogged by the Romans, and her daughters raped—despite the fact that her husband, who died around 60 A.D., and been a loyal Roman ally. Outraged, she launched a rebellion, collecting an army (of 100,000-200,000), and destroying a Roman legion. She was defeated by the Romans the following year, 61.
These Roman soldiers the “elites” of the Roman military. Originally bodyguards for a commander on the field, their duties were expanded under Augustus to protect the emperor. Appointed by the emperor, they were arranged into 9 cohorts (5,400 men). They were powerful, untouchable, and increasingly involved in the “making and breaking” of emperors.
The richest of Augustan annexations and produce of one-third of the Roman annual grain supply was:
Which of the following is true about the Great Fire of Rome in A.D. 60?
Why was Caligula assassinated in A.D. 41?
Which of the following is true about Nero, 54-68 A.D.?
The law of treason ( maiestas) was used greatly during the reign of Tiberius Caesar. Maiestas ultimately included not only high treason but also arrogance, sacrilege, slander, extortion, adultery, rape, incest, and murder.
Nero liked to participate in chariot races, and in the arts.
To Romans, the peaceful working of the state depended on maintaining the Peace of the Gods, pax deorum. Augustus endeavored to achieve this by:
Briefly discuss how Augustus was different from Caligula—i.e. why was Augustus successful and Caligula not? Be sure to offer more explanation than simply “Caligula was insane.”

HIEU 322 Textbook Quizzes 1,2,3,4

HIEU 322 Quiz 2 Liberty University

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