Minimal essential strain is the minimal threshold stimulus needed to cause which of the following changes?
Which of the following is a potential marker of aerobic overtraining?
Which of the following describes the change in responsiveness of a receptor to insulin?
Which of the following physiological characteristics decreases as an adaptation to aerobic endurance training?
Which of the following areas of the pulmonary system is not functional for gas exchange in healthy athletes?
Which of the following are primary neural adaptations to anaerobic training?
What is the MET equivalent of a VO2 of 0 ml·kg-1·min-1?
An athlete has spent the last four resistance training sessions overworking his He is hoping to see a substantial increase in performance after a week of active rest. Which of the following describes his current condition?
Which of the following is a symptom specific to nonfunctional overreaching?
As an adaptation to resistance training, which of the following is a beneficial change in pennated muscles?
Which of the following explains the differences in aerobic power between men and women who are matched by age?
Which of the following is the standard deviation of the 220 – age in years
Polypeptide hormones are made of chains of which of the following substances?
When one examines the effects of a resistance training program via peripheral blood hormone levels, which of the following is false?
All of the following are reasons why maximal aerobic power decreases with age EXCEPT…
Which of the following have been observed in men in elevated concentrations up to thirty minutes after a resistance training workout?
Which of the following are the immediate physiological adjustments to elevation (>3,900 ft [1,200 m])?
Which of the following substances is an important biomarker for health and performance?
Which of the following is an effect of the Frank-Starling mechanism?
All of the following are adaptations of the endocrine system to resistance training EXCEPT…
All of the following hormones use a second messenger to cause effects in the body EXCEPT…
Which of the following is a physiological role of growth hormone and its superfamily?
Serum levels of which of the following hormones will increase as a result of performing a resistance training workout that involves large muscle group exercises with loads 85- 95% of 1RM and 30- to 60-second rest periods in athletes with two or more years of resistance training experience?
Which of the following is an adaptation in tendons from high-intensity anaerobic training?
An athlete just completed a resistance training All of the following are factors that influence the magnitude of the postworkout hormonal response EXCEPT…
Stroke volume is regulated by which of the following mechanisms?
All of the following factors affect the degree to which blood flow is increased in the working muscles during anaerobic training EXCEPT…
As an adaptation to anaerobic training, which of the following is the benefit of the myotatic reflex harnessing the involuntary elastic properties of muscle?
is the enlargement of muscle fiber cross-sectional area, and
is the increase in the number of muscle fibers via longitudinal fiber
If the stress of a training session is too great, which of the following is true?
Identify and explain the seven major muscle fiber adaptations that occur to an individual who engages in a resistance training program (15pts).
Discuss the differences and similarities between blood doping and erythropoietin (EPO). Also, explain the physiological reasons how and why both ergogenic aids could lead to enhanced cardiovascular performance in an athlete (15pts).