________ is valuable throughout the decision-making process.
Scenario F The Braided Bread company is struggling with how to break into the bagel market. They see this as an opportunity for growth, as it would not require any new machinery. The downside is that there is already a bagel shop in town. After Braided Bread evaluates the selected choice, the next problem will start with
Prospect theory and closing costs are two reasons why people
What effect do mental models have on the decision-making process?
Scenario B Alvin, the production manager at the Paragon Company, wants to select the best supplier of raw materials from among several vendors. He has several choices and has done research into which company provides the best services and products. One company is known to be extremely timely, another is much lower in price but often late in deliveries, and the third is well-known to provide the highest quality products available. According to the rational choice decision-making process, the first step in solving this problem would be
Decision makers tend to rely on their implicit favorite when they
Which of the following is nota reason people engage in satisficing rather than maximization?
What is meant by “divine discontent”?
Which of the following is one of the assumptions of the rational decision-making process?
________ occurs when decision makers choose to continue an existing course of action because it is the less painful option at the time.
Perceptual defense causes us to
After a problem has been identified and possible choices have been identified, the next step is to
An organization asks its employees to reframe the problems in a unique way and generate different approaches to the problems. Which of the following stages in the creative process would assist this?
Which of these is also referred to as participative management?
________ shape(s) how we evaluate information, not just which choice we select.
________ is a conscious process of making choices among one or more alternatives with the intention of moving toward some desired state of affairs.
A nonprogrammed decision is applicable in any
Middle managers of a marketing firm were addressing the problem of creating eye-catching ads that were able to be easily reproduced in both color and black and white. One manager said, “The main problem here is we design using color to lure the consumer instead of relying on the benefits of the product itself.” Which of the following best describes the decision-making problem that this manager is exhibiting?
Employees should notmake the decision alone (without the manager’s involvement) when
The Director of Nursing is looking throughout the hospital for a new format of a work schedule for nurses. She evaluates each schedule system as soon as she learns about it. Eventually, she finds a schedule that is “good enough” for her needs and ends her search even though there may be better schedules available that she hasn’t yet learned about. The Director of Nursing is engaging in
One school of management thought states that organizational decisions and actions are influenced mainly by what attracts management’s attention, rather than by the objective reality of the external or internal environment. Which of the following practices is closely associated with this argument?
The main reason why decision makers compare alternatives against an implicit favorite is the hard-wired human need to minimize
The representativeness heuristic refers to the tendency
The benefits of employee involvement increase with
After choosing among several computer server systems, the Director of Information Systems feels very positive about the final choice. However, some of this optimism is due to the fact that the Director forgot about few of the limitations of the chosen system and unconsciously downplayed the importance of the positive features of the rejected systems. The Director of Information Systems is engaging in
Set 2
Which of these is also referred to as participative management?
is a conscious process of making choices among one or more alternatives with the intention of moving toward some desired state of affairs.
In the creative process, which of the following refers to a “fringe” awareness?
The Director of Nursing is looking throughout the hospital for a new format of a work schedule for nurses. She evaluates each schedule system as soon as she learns about it. Eventually, she finds a schedule that is “good enough” for her needs and ends her search even though there may be better schedules available that she hasn’t yet learned about. The Director of Nursing is engaging in
Alvin, the production manager at the Paragon Company, wants to select the best supplier of raw materials from among several vendors. He has several choices and has done research into which company provides the best services and products. One company is known to be extremely timely, another is much lower in price but often late in deliveries, and the third is well-known to provide the highest quality products available. Once Alvin makes the choice and contracts with the vendor, he will still need to
The rational choice decision-making process selects the choice with the highest utility through the
Selene and Rita are both engineers at a highly innovative technology company. They are both very creative people. Selene has 15 years of engineering background, a high need for achievement, and strong task motivation, whereas Rita prides herself on her high openness to experience, strong self-direction, and ability to evaluate the potential usefulness of ideas. According to the characteristics of creative people, which areas are Rita’s strongest?
One school of management thought states that organizational decisions and actions are influenced mainly by what attracts management’s attention, rather than by the objective reality of the external or internal environment. Which of the following practices is closely associated with this argument?
The Braided Bread company is struggling with how to break into the bagel market. They see this as an opportunity for growth, as it would not require any new machinery. The downside is that there is already a bagel shop in town. Braided Bread has selected a choice and now needs to
is the tendency to experience stronger negative emotions when losing something of value than the positive emotions experienced when gaining something of equal value.
George is a manager for InnoBLAST Inc., a web-based applications company. In an attempt to promote new ideas, George decides to allow his engineering team to devote 15 percent of their work time to whatever projects they would like to work on and reduces their assigned workload. He then institutes a 30-minute period each morning where the team members are asked to look over their current project list for the day and develop more knowledge about a task before they move on to work on their assigned tasks. George is attempting to promote
Which of the following is not a reason people engage in satisficing rather than maximization?
What effect do mental models have on the decision-making process?
Who constructed the four-stage creative process model?
Which of the following is assisted by incubation in the creative process?
The representativeness heuristic refers to the tendency
Dora and Keith are managers at ABC Corporation. Keith is having problems in his department with a lack of innovation. In response, he consults the corporate procedures manual and speaks with his boss about the right way to solve the problem. Dora is also having a similar problem in her own department but decides to confront it by hosting team luncheons where she can learn new perspectives and discuss new “outside the box” ways to deal with the problem. Keith is an example of a(n) ________ thinker.
The concept of bounded rationality holds that
George is a manager for InnoBLAST Inc., a web-based applications company. In an attempt to promote new ideas, George decides to allow his engineering team to devote 15 percent of their work time to whatever projects they would like to work on and reduces their assigned workload. He then institutes a 30-minute period each morning where the team members are asked to look over their current project list for the day and develop more knowledge about a task before they move on to work on their assigned tasks. The 30-minute time period set aside each morning by George should help promote which stage of the creative process?
The Dot Com business boom can be used as an example of
The gap between “what is” and “what ought to be” is also called a
What is meant by “divine discontent”?
Perceptual defense causes us to
Which of the following is true at the highest level of employee involvement?
George is a manager for InnoBLAST Inc., a web-based applications company. In an attempt to promote new ideas, George decides to allow his engineering team to devote 15 percent of their work time to whatever projects they would like to work on and reduces their assigned workload. He then institutes a 30-minute period each morning where the team members are asked to look over their current project list for the day and develop more knowledge about a task before they move on to work on their assigned tasks. George decides to do a ________ before encouraging the team to develop their own ideas.
Set 3
Employees should NOT make the decision alone (without the manager’s involvement) when:
Which of the following is true at the highest level of employee involvement?
ABC Corporation Dora and Keith are managers at ABC Corporation. Keith is having problems in his department with a lack of innovation. In response, he consults the corporate procedures manual and speaks with his boss about the right way to solve the problem. Dora is also having a similar problem in her own department but decides to confront it by hosting team luncheons where she can learn new perspectives and discuss new “outside the box” ways to deal with the problem. Dora is an example of a(n) _______________ thinker.
Which of the following decision-making activities tends to make the most use of tacit knowledge?
The tendency to define problems in terms of a preferred solution occurs because:
Decision makers tend to rely on their implicit favorite when they:
A higher level of employee involvement is preferable when:
George is a manager for InnoBLAST Inc., a web-based applications company. In an attempt to promote new ideas, George decides to allow his engineering team to devote 15% of their work time to whatever projects they would like to work on and reduces their assigned workload. He then institutes a 30 minute period each morning where the team members are asked to look over their current project list for the day and develop more knowledge about a task before they move on to work on their assigned tasks. George is attempting to promote:
Which of the following is assisted by incubation in the creative process?
Which of these is the final step in the rational choice decision making process?
The concept of bounded rationality holds that:
Prospect theory and closing costs are two reasons why people:
Which of the following statements is true about scenario planning?
Alvin, the production manager at the Paragon Company, wants to select the best supplier of raw materials from among several vendors. He has several choices and has done research into which company provides the best services and products. One company is known to be extremely timely, another is much lower in price but often late in deliveries, and the third is well-known to provide the highest quality products available. According to the Rational Choice Paradigm of decision making, Alvin should select the vendor that offers the most:
Incubation and verification are the:
Alvin, the production manager at the Paragon Company, wants to select the best supplier of raw materials from among several vendors. He has several choices and has done research into which company provides the best services and products. One company is known to be extremely timely, another is much lower in price but often late in deliveries, and the third is well-known to provide the highest quality products available. According to the rational choice decision making process, the first step in solving this problem would be:
What effect do mental models have on the decision-making process?
In the creative process, which of the following refers to the experience of suddenly becoming aware of a unique idea?
A nonprogrammed decision is applicable in any:
Which of the following is the lowest level of employee involvement?
People tend to be more creative when they:
The availability heuristic refers to the tendency:
The most accurate view of intuition is that it is:
elene and Rita are both engineers at a highly innovative technology company. They are both very creative people. Selene has 15 years of engineering background, a high need for achievement and strong task motivation, whereas Rita prides herself on her high openness to experience, strong self-direction and her ability to evaluate the potential usefulness of ideas. According to the characteristics of creative people, which areas are Selene’s strongest?
The rational choice paradigm selects the choice with the highest utility through the calculation of: