PHIL 240 Quiz 5,6,7,8

PHIL 240 Quiz 5,6,7,8

PHIL 240 Quiz 5 Liberty University

PHIL 240 Quiz Jesus and his Divine Identity

1. History clearly affirms that Jesus’ divinity was already assumed by the time that the bishops convened at the Council of Nicea.
2. Jesus’ claim to sit on the right hand of the Father is, in itself, considered by the first century Jewish leaders as a claim to deity and was treated as blasphemy.
3. When Jesus claimed to be the “Son of God,” he did so in such a manner that affirmed divine recognition.
4. The gospel writers preferred to take an indirect approach in revealing the deity of Jesus rather than stating that Jesus was God in a direct manner.
5. The gospel writers each employ the literary device of inclusio as a means to highlight aspects of the divine nature of Jesus.
6. Crossan identifies Jesus with this philosophical movement that is characterized by its criticism of society and living in tune with nature:
7. History clearly affirms that Jesus’ divinity was already assumed by the time that the bishops convened at the Council of Nicea.
8. The frequent identity of Jesus in the gospels as the “Son of Man” is a strong self- identification that verifies the humanity of Christ as opposed to any affirmation of divinity.
9. The idea of a man becoming a God is known as
10. In light of the fact that Christianity arose from a monotheistic context, it is not surprising that the early Christians viewed Jesus as a mere mortal prophet and not as God.
11. In the world in which the church Fathers lived and wrote, embracing the divinity of Jesus was not the problem; embracing his humanity was.
12. In Paul’s writings, the title of Jesus as “Lord” is simply an affirmation of his mastery over the lives of his followers and has nothing to do with deity.
13. While it is clear that the early followers of Jesus thought that he was God, we have very little evidence that Jesus himself thought of himself as God.
14. Non-Christian writers in the first centuries of Christianity recognized that the early Christians treated Jesus as divine.
15. What makes early worship of Jesus as God truly remarkable is that:
16. The fact that Mark reveals that Jesus’ disciples were slow to recognize his divine identity is evidence that Mark was not seeking to theologically embellish his gospel.
17. The Arian position at the Council of Nicea was that Jesus the Son was in no way equal to the Father and was, in fact, a finite creature.
18. The fact that Paul often quotes formal corporate hymns and creeds in his letters is valuable because:
19. Jesus did not leave any written documents of what he said from his own hand, but rather, Christianity is dependent upon his followers for preserving what he said and did in written form.
20. Due to a higher degree of implied objectivity, sources about Jesus from outside of the New Testament are more reliable than those from within the New Testament.
21. Until the Council of Nicea, the early church fathers and the New Testament writers primarily viewed Jesus as a mortal prophet and not divine.
22. While it is clear that the early followers of Jesus thought that he was God, we have very little evidence that Jesus himself thought of himself as God.
23. The Arian position at the Council of Nicea was that Jesus the Son was in no way equal to the Father and was, in fact, a finite creature.
24. In Paul’s writings, the title of Jesus as “Lord” is simply an affirmation of his mastery over the lives of his followers and has nothing to do with deity.
25. The gospel writers each employ the literary device of inclusion as a means to highlight aspects of the divine nature of Jesus.

PHIL 240 Quiz 6 Liberty University

PHIL 240 Quiz Exclusivity of Christ and Objections of Skeptics

1. The fact that most of what we know about the pagan mystery religions comes from the period when they were at their peak, the 2 ^nd
   and 3 ^rdcenturies shows that many of the claims of the pagan copycat theory are guilty of:
2. Religious pluralism is the view that there are many roads to God.
3. The real problem regarding religious particularism concerns the fate of unbelievers outside of one’s own particular religious tradition.
4. The fact that a previous religion may have a similar belief to that of Christianity proves that the previous religion was the cause of the belief in Christianity.
5. The idea of a physical resurrection in the present was a foreign concept within Judaism and within paganism during the 1 ^st
6. The notion of a savior who would die for the sins of his followers is a common theme among mystery religions of the 1 ^st
7. When the copycat theorists claim that Horus or Attis were crucified, they are guilty of:
8. Several contemporary scholars do see dependency between Christianity and pagan religions, but it is a reversed dependency, meaning that the pagan religions borrowed from Christianity (at least in the first three centuries after Christ).
9. Mystery religions as a whole had a unified message and functions as the sole predecessor to Christianity.
10. Early Christians were often subjected to severe persecution, torture, and death because they refused to embrace a pluralistic approach to religions.
11. The evidence clearly indicates an adoption of the virgin birth concept from Greek mythology into Christianity.
12. First century Judaism was very accommodating to religious syncretism and thus explains how easily Christianity was influenced by pagan religions.
13. In comparing religions, it is important to consider that the presence of parallels does not necessarily indicate any kind of borrowing or dependency.
14. The idea of a physical resurrection in the present was a foreign concept within Judaism and within paganism during the 1 ^st
15. The evidence clearly indicates an adoption of the virgin birth concept from Greek mythology into Christianity.
16. First century Judaism was very accommodating to religious syncretism and thus explains how easily Christianity was influenced by pagan religions.
17. A “genetic fallacy” involves trying to invalidate a position by criticizing the way a person came to hold that position.
18. The mystery religions were a diverse group of cults and sects that borrowed heavily from each other.
19. The notion of a savior who would die for the sins of his followers is a common theme among mystery religions of the 1 ^st
20. The dependency fallacy understands that Christianity borrowed the substance of the mystery religions and turned this into a new religion.
21. It is likely that Christianity borrowed from the mystery religions, but when Christianity did this was hundreds of years after it began, and thus has nothing to do with the core of Christian proclamation.
22. While weak parallels are present between certain aspects of Christianity and the pagan religions, there is a lack of strong parallels which might suggest dependence.
23. The real problem regarding religious particularism concerns the fate of unbelievers outside of one’s own particular religious tradition.
24. In comparing religions, it is important to consider that the presence of parallels does not necessarily indicate any kind of borrowing or dependency.
25. One of the main differences between Christianity and pagan mystery religions is that the mystery religions never claimed to be historical, while Christianity has always held the events in Jesus’ life really happened in history.

PHIL 240 Quiz 7 Liberty University

PHIL 240 Quiz Evidences of the Resurrection

1. One strong line of support for the empty tomb is the fact that Jesus was publically executed in Jerusalem, the same city where claims to his resurrection and the empty tomb began.
2. The “minimal facts approach” seeks to defend the resurrection of Christ based upon the fewest possible number of facts necessary to prove the resurrection.
3. The simplicity of Mark’s account of the discovery of the empty tomb supports the authenticity of the account based upon the lack of theological embellishment that typically characterizes legendary development.
4. The fact that the disciples claimed
   that Jesus rose from the dead is not sufficient in supporting whether or not they actually believed
5. When it comes to history, we can only speak of probability, not 100% certainty. In this sense one cannot “prove” the resurrection because it is not a repeatable event or occurrence.
6. Because Paul did not know Jesus during his ministry prior to the resurrection, any testimony from Paul can be discarded as insignificant in supporting a case for the resurrection of Christ.
7. In providing historical testimony, attestation by a friend adds greater support to historical claims than attestation from “enemy” sources.
8. The death of Jesus is attested to not only in the Gospels but also from external sources as well.
9. The “minimal facts approach” to the resurrection question considers only those data that are so strongly attested historically that they are granted by nearly every scholar who studies the subject, even the skeptical ones.
10. The fact that the gospels all list women as eyewitnesses to the empty tomb is odd if the story was fabricated due to the fact that in Jewish and in Roman cultures, the testimony of women was not held as credible.
11. One strong line of support for the empty tomb is the fact that Jesus was publically executed in Jerusalem, the same city where claims to his resurrection and the empty tomb began.
12. An indicator that an event or saying is authentic in the historical record occurs when the source would not be expected because it embarrasses the presumable cause of the author of the historical record.
13. The fact that Jesus died by crucifixion is accepted by the vast majority of scholars, even the liberal/critical ones.
14. The simplicity of Mark’s gospel makes it the most suspect and least dependable gospel on matters of historical reliability.
15. The reason for promoting a minimal core facts approach to defending the resurrection over the traditional approach is:
16. The two criteria in determining what constitutes a “minimal fact” are that they are well evidenced and that nearly every scholar accepts them.
17. The simplicity of Mark’s account of the discovery of the empty tomb supports the authenticity of the account based upon the lack of theological embellishment that typically characterizes legendary development.
18. An inquiry into the external arguments for the resurrection of Christ also provides an excellent starting point for confirming the trustworthiness of the Bible.
19. According to Dr. Foreman’s presentation, one of the core facts we listed in his minimalistic argument for the resurrection was the presence of the guards at the tomb.
20. Because Paul did not know Jesus during his ministry prior to the resurrection, any testimony from Paul can be discarded as insignificant in supporting a case for the resurrection of Christ.
21. The fact that Jesus died by crucifixion is accepted by the vast majority of scholars, even the liberal/critical ones.
22. The gospel tradition recounted in 1 Corinthians 15:3-5 predates the four gospels, and thus is an earlier witness to the resurrection of Christ than the four gospels.
23. The empty tomb of Jesus does not meet the criteria of being a “minimal fact” because it is not accepted by nearly every scholar who studies the subject of the historical Jesus.
24. An inquiry into the external arguments for the resurrection of Christ also provides an excellent starting point for confirming the trustworthiness of the Bible.
25. The empty tomb of Jesus does not technically meet the criteria of being a “minimal fact” because it is not accepted by nearly every scholar who studies the subject of the historical Jesus.