CJUS 330 Quiz Judicial Role

CJUS 330 Quiz Judicial Role

CJUS 330 Quiz Judicial Role

1. The leading advocate for federal grand jury reform is the:
2. Which of the following is NOT included as a “Part II: Other Crimes” crime under property crimes?
3. Which of the following forms of criminal arrest has the lowest rate?
4. All of the crimes cleared by police each year result in approximately __________ million arrests for nontraffic offenses.
5. The two primary duties of the grand jury have been summarized in the phrase:
6. What do bail agents provide?
7. Other than criminal prosecutions as a result of a grand jury investigation, arrests are the overwhelming source of work for the criminal courts.
8. One of the major reasons for case attrition is policy priorities.
9. During a preliminary hearing, the state must provide clear and convincing evidence of the defendant’s guilt.
10. Grand juries have the power to grant witnesses immunity from prosecution.
11. Only a fraction of the number of crimes committed are actually reported to the police.
12. Grand juries decide the guilt or innocence for defendants charged with felony offenses.
13. The traditional legal rule regarding confessions is that confessions:
14. In __________, a suspect’s assertion of Miranda rights must be clear and unambiguous.
15. Discovery rules are vitally important to:
16. If Smith appealed his conviction, which U.S. Supreme Court case would most likely apply?
17. Closed discovery encourages __________.
18. Which of the following cases deals with “stop and frisk”?
19. The particularity requirement means that __________ should be as detailed as possible.
20. The exclusionary rule prohibits the prosecutor from using illegally obtained evidence during a trial.
21. The exclusionary rule is commonly associated with the search and seizure of physical evidence under the Fourth Amendment.
22. The Miranda decision created new rights for defendants and suspects.
23. Traditionally, English common law routinely admitted all confessions, even those produced by torture.
24. Because of United States v. Bagley, there is no general constitutional right to discovery in criminal cases.
25. If the defense had to disclose evidence to the prosecution, the privilege against self- incrimination would be rendered meaningless.
26. If a police lineup is improperly conducted, the identification of the suspect may be excluded from evidence during trial pursuant to the exclusionary rule.
27. What do due process adherents advocate regarding plea bargaining?
28. CASE 12.2 Guilty pleas are the bread and butter of the American criminal courts. Between 85 and 95 percent of all state and federal felony convictions are obtained by a defendant entering a negotiated plea of guilt (Covey, 2008; Hashimoto, 2008; United States Sentencing Commission, 2015). Plea bargaining can best be defined as the process through which a defendant pleads guilty to a criminal charge with the expectation of receiving some consideration from the state. What are the three most common types of plea bargains?
29. To gain a potential advantage in plea bargaining, prosecutors sometimes:
30. The case of Boykin v. Alabama requires a judge to determine what?
31. CASE 12.1 Some people within the court system are concerned that plea bargaining reduces the courthouse to a place where guilt or innocence is negotiated like prices in a flea market. Primarily, though, opposition to plea bargaining reflects different ideological preferences. What is particularly interesting is that civil libertarians as well as spokespersons for law and order see plea bargaining as a danger, but often for different reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons supporters of the values of the due process model are concerned about plea bargaining?
32. In this type of plea agreement, the defendant pleads guilty to a charge in the indictment in exchange for other charges in the indictment being dropped.
33. The principal weakness of the excessive caseload hypothesis, in plea bargaining, is which assumption?
34. Murder, rape, and robbery defendants are less likely to plead guilty than those charged with less serious offenses.
35. The overwhelming majority of all state and federal felony convictions are obtained as a result of a defendant entering a negotiated plea of guilt.
36. Plea bargaining did not become well established in the United States until the 1960s.
37. A victim’s preference for a trial is among the most important factors that a prosecutor considers when deciding whether to offer a defendant a plea bargain.
38. Sentences for defendants who are found guilty after trial are generally less severe than the expected sentence for the same offense after a guilty plea.
39. Most defendants plead not guilty.
40. The Alford plea is not an express admission of guilt by a defendant. It serves as a consent by the defendant that he may be punished as if he were guilty and a prayer for leniency.
41. Describe the four most common ways that defendants can secure pretrial release? Which is the most common? Why?
42. Describe the wedding cake model of the criminal justice system. Be sure to provide examples of the types of offenses that may be found in each layer.