Learning material for the second or subsequent time after it previously had been learned is referred to as:
Tulving postulated that forgetting represents inaccessibility of information due to:
Which of the following is NOT a suggestion for maintaining student attention:
All of the following are a phase of Gagne’s acquisition and performance category EXCEPT:
refers to attaching meaning to environmental inputs perceived through the senses.
regulate the flow of information throughout the information processing system.
Which of the following is NOT a learning outcome in Gagne’s theory:
Learning occurs when information is stored in:
The process of putting new information into the information processing system is referred to as:
Which of the following is NOT used to enhance information through elaboration?
When taking tests or quizzes enhances learning and retention such that scores on the final test are higher, this is known as:
Which of the following is NOT a major component of information processing theory?
Giving a short quiz on new material would be an example of:
In procedural knowledge, procedures change what?
The _____ theory is an early cognitive view that challenged many assumptions of behaviorism.
What people do with the communications they receive refers to:
When prior learning facilitates subsequent learning this is called:
According to this theory, learned associations are never completely forgotten
Abstracting behavior and cognitions from the learning context to one or more potential transfer contexts is known as which type of transfer?
Decay is normally found in time‐bound networks such as sensory memory and:
Which of the following is NOT an influence on encoding:
Little overlap between situations is characteristic of which type of transfer?
What improves retrieval?
Mental representations of visual/spatial knowledge is referred to as:
A blockage of the spread of activation across memory networks is referred to as:
Set 2
Contemporary cognitive theory asserts that humans are actively involved in their own learning. This assertion is most closely aligned to which theory?
Which of the following children best illustrate the use of effortful control.
According to the textbook, we will form a connection between a new piece of information and something we already know only if:
People are more likely to perceive this configuration of shapes:
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
◊ ◊ ◊ ◊
$ $ $ $
• • •
as four rows rather than as four columns. Which one of the following Gestaltist concepts best accounts for this phenomenon?
Occasional review of previously learned material helps our memory for that material by:
A physics teacher asks her students to draw a picture to illustrate the forces at work when someone throws a ball into the air. This strategy should do two things to help students remember the forces involved. In particular, it should encourage students to engage in both:
Julia sees a set of twelve circles arranged like this:
O O O O O O
O O O O O O
Using Gestalt principles, we can predict that Julia will perceive them as:
An advantage of knowing some skills to a level of automaticity is that automaticity:
A student reads the statement, “To be or not to be, that is the quastion,” and fails to notice the typographical error in the word question. This proofreading error can best be explained by considering the role of _________ in long-term memory storage.
Three of the following teachers are using strategies that should help students effectively learn and remember information. Which one is not necessarily promoting effective cognitive processing?
The basis for verbal learning theory came from which of the following research discoveries?
A teacher who wants students to elaborate on the material they are studying would be well advised to:
You know what a computer is, and you also know how to send an email message using a computer. The difference between these two kinds of knowledge can best be characterized as a difference between:
Richard is studying both French and Spanish. In the same week he learns that the French word for “mother” is mère and that the Spanish word for “mother” is madre. One day his French teacher asks Richard, “Who is married to your father?” and Richard erroneously answers, “Madre.” Richard’s memory error can best be explained in terms of:
Which one of the following examples best illustrates a problem with prospective memory?
Jenny is taking a quiz, which asks for the chemical symbols of 20 elements. She remembers 19 of them but cannot remember the symbol for mercury. As she walks home from school, she suddenly remembers that the symbol for mercury is Hg. Jenny’s memory problem during the quiz can best be explained in terms of:
Which one of the following statements best describes contextual views of learning?
Maria is listening to her teacher talk about how rainy weather develops. Maria thinks, “Rain … hmm, it’s supposed to rain tomorrow … I wonder where I left my umbrella … I think I took it to the library yesterday … I’ll bet that’s where I left my notebook, too.” Maria’s thoughts illustrate:
Nora was thinking about something else the day her teacher explained the difference between the words between and among, so she has trouble using these two prepositions correctly. Nora’s problem “remembering” the difference between the words can probably best be explained as:
The four students described below are using visual imagery to try to remember information. Considering what theorists and researchers say about the strengths and weaknesses of visual imagery, only one student is likely to remember this information accurately. Which one?
The textbook distinguishes between teacher-directed and learner-directed forms of instruction. Which one of the following best describes how teachers should view these two approaches?
Lucy sees a boy who looks very familiar to her, but she can’t remember who he is. Then the boy says something with a thick French accent, and Lucy suddenly realizes that he is the foreign exchange student from France. In this situation, the boy’s French accent helps Lucy remember by:
Based on the textbook’s discussion, you might best think of attention as being a process of:
During a lecture on World War II, Mr. Cochran tells his class about some of the major leaders of the countries involved in the war. He then asks Kathy to identify the leader of Great Britain during World War II, and she correctly responds, “Winston Churchill.” At the time she answers the question, Kathy is exhibiting:
In a series of experiments, Tolman investigated the role of reinforcement in learning. Which one of the following conclusions emerged from his research?