Melanie Klein agreed with Freud that people can be motivated by
Object relations theory differs from Freud’s theory in that it
Margaret Mahler believed that when infants realize that they cannot satisfy their own basic needs, they
Melanie Klein believed that the male Oedipus complex is resolved mostly when the boy
Among the people that Melanie Klein psychoanalyzed was
Object relations theory continues to be more popular in _____ than it is in the United States.
According to John Bowlby, both humans and other primates experience separation anxiety. The stage unique to humans is the _____ stage.
According to Melanie Klein, infants use splitting as a means of
Melanie Klein contended that when introjected, dangerous objects
Margaret Mahler’s principal concern was with
Which object relations theorist spent much time observing normal babies as they bonded with their mothers during the first 3 years of life?
According to Melanie Klein, when the female Oedipus complex is successfully resolved, the little girl will
John Bowlby’s attachment theory was based on studies of
Which of the following is a psychic defense mechanism used by an infant who fantasizes taking into its body those perceptions and experiences that it has had with an external object, originally the mother’s breast?
The aim of Kleinian therapy is to
Melanie Klein believed that before a unified ego can emerge, it must first
Melanie Klein suggested that psychic defense mechanisms
Karen Horney saw neurotic behavior as a protection against
Karen Horney believed that neurotics move toward people because they experience
According to Karen Horney, the principal behavior of neurotics who move away from people is
In the context of Karen Horney’s list of defenses against basic anxiety, _____ acts as a buffer against destitution and poverty and manifests itself as a tendency to deprive others.
Which of these is not one of Karen Horney’s 10 neurotic needs?
Neuroses, Karen Horney said, grow out of the “nutritive soil” of
Which of the following statements is true about neurotics who adopt the philosophy of moving toward people?
Feelings of isolation, Karen Horney said, stem from
Karen Horney believed that an idealized self-image is established in order to
According to Karen Horney, the most destructive element of the neurotic search for glory is
Tami is proud of her intellectual skills and abilities, and she is pleased when others notice and admire her superior intelligence. According to Karen Horney, these behaviors illustrate a neurotic need for
According to Karen Horney, how does the Western society hinder people’s attempts to find love?
Karen Horney believed that children develop _____ as a reaction to unfilled needs for love and affection.
Karen Horney came to psychoanalysis from
According to Karen Horney, normal and neurotic individuals differ in their use of the three basic styles of relating to people in that
According to Karen Horney, neurotics express self-hatred in the form of _____ when they constantly berate themselves.
According to Erikson, the core conflict of the play age is
Erikson’s biological father
Erikson’s theory may be called “post-Freudian” because
According to Erik Erikson, which of the following statements is true of old age?
For Erikson, infancy is a time of
By the end of which of Erikson’s psychosocial stages should a person develop a firm sense of ego identity?
According to Erikson, inadequate will is expressed as
According to Erik Erikson, _____ is defined as an extreme lack of self-trust or self-confidence and is expressed as shyness or hesitancy to express oneself.
Erikson was rescued from the life of a wandering artist by
According to Erik Erikson, _____ is the antithesis of wisdom and the core pathology of old age.
Erikson saw which stage as a time of social latency?
For Erikson, puberty is psychologically important because it
Erikson believed that the ego is
The discipline that combines psychoanalytic concepts with historical methods is
Erikson saw the ego as developing
According to Erik Erikson, _____ is the time when people begin to take their place in society and assume responsibility for whatever society produces.
Erikson’s basic strength of young adulthood is
Set 2
Klein came to psychoanalysis as
The assessment used by Bedi, Muller, & Thornack (2012) to research the impact of childhood trauma and abuse on adult object relational functioning was the ‐
The aim of Kleinian therapy is to
According to Bowlby, both humans and other primates experience separation anxiety. The stage unique to humans is the ______ stage.
According to Klein, the phantasies of an infant are
According to Klein, the two basic positions are
In contrast to Freud, Klein believed that the superego
Klein believed that children introject their mother into their psychic structure. This means that they
Klein assumed that infants come into the world with
Melanie Klein had an especially warm relationship with
Klein called the fantasy that one’s own feelings actually reside in another person
Klein suggested that psychic defense mechanisms
Object relations theory differs from Freud’s theory in that it
Klein believed that before a unified ego can emerge, it must first
If a hungry infant cries and kicks, Klein would say that it is
Klein’s notion of the Oedipus complex differed from Freud’s in that it
Mahler believed that children begin to develop feelings of personal identity during which developmental stage?
According to Horney, aggressive people assume that other people are
Horney believed that an idealized self‐image is established in order to
In Horney’s view, ___________ is (are) largely responsible for the development of basic anxiety and subsequent unhealthy interpersonal relations.
An outstanding characteristic of people who adopt Horney’s trend of moving toward people is
The general goal of Horneyian therapy is to help the patient
Horney predicted that people who experience a positive, loving relationship will move
According to Horney, the underlying cause of human neuroses is
Horney asserted that the primary adverse influence inhibiting a child’s potential for healthy development is
Karen Horney, like _______, was the youngest child of a middle‐aged father, had older siblings who were favored by her parents, and felt unwanted and unloved.
Horney believed that people are
Horney insisted that the Oedipus complex
According to Horney, most neuroses stem from
Children who feel isolated from others are likely to develop Horney’s neurotic trend of moving
Horney saw the tendency to humiliate others in order to protect oneself against humiliation as
Horney contended that modern society is based on ______ between individuals.
According to Horney, neurotics differ from normals in that they
Fromm believed that humans, as the only animal to possess self‐awareness, imagination, and reason, are the
For Fromm, the relatively permanent way in which people relate to themselves and to the world is called
According to Fromm, submission, power, and love are the three basic modes of
As a scientific theory, Erich Fromm’s humanistic psychoanalysis rates
According to Fromm, both masochism and sadism aim at
Adrianna’s frame of orientation is constantly challenged by inconsistent information. Fromm would predict that Adrianna will
Which did Fromm NOT list as a sadistic tendency?
Fromm believed that _______ is the successful solution to the human dilemma of being part of the natural world and yet separate from it.
For Fromm, healthy people value work as
For Fromm, positive freedom consists of
For Fromm, psychologically disturbed people
Fromm referred to our human need for a guide or map to make our way through the world as a need for a
Tracy perceives everything that belongs to her as valuable and everything that belongs to others as having little value. Fromm would say Tracy is suffering from
Fromm believed that authoritarianism takes two forms:
In Fromm’s view, the marketing character’s personal value is dependent upon the ability to
In Fromm’s productive strategy of attaining rootedness, people
Fromm contended that people can break the cycle of conformity and powerlessness only by
Among the people that Klein psychoanalyzed was
Klein called the fantasy that one’s own feelings actually reside in another person
Klein believed that before a unified ego can emerge, it must first
Attachment is a construct in personality psychology that continues to generate a substantial amount of research. Attachment theory as originally conceptualized by ___________ emphasized the relationship between parent and child.
Set 3
Klein believed that during the female Oedipus complex, the girl
Klein called the process in which infants split off unacceptable parts of themselves, project these parts onto another object, and finally introject these parts back into themselves
Which object relations theorist spent much time observing normal babies as they bonded with their mothers during the first 3 years of life?
Klein suggested that psychic defense mechanisms
According to Klein, the two basic positions are
Bowlby’s attachment theory was based on studies of
Object relations theory continues to be more popular in the _______ than it is in the United States.
If a hungry infant cries and kicks, Klein would say that it is
In contrast to Freud, Klein believed that the superego
Klein’s depressive position includes
Klein’s conception of a “position” is different from “stage of development” in that “positions” are
Klein contended that when introjected, dangerous objects
Klein extended Freud’s psychoanalysis by emphasizing
Horney predicted that people who experience a positive, loving relationship will move
In their need for perfection, neurotics often set up complex rules and outrageous standards that they feel they must follow. Horney refers to this as
According to Horney, aggressive people assume that other people are
In Horney’s view, ___________ is (are) largely responsible for the development of basic anxiety and subsequent unhealthy interpersonal relations.
Parker is constantly belittling his own accomplishments. He also dreads asking others for favors. These behaviors illustrate Horney’s neurotic need
Horney believed that people are
According to Horney, the most destructive element of the neurotic search for glory is
Horney believed that the core of men’s need to subjugate women and women’s wish to humiliate men is
For Horney, psychic differences between men and women result from
The major strength of Horney’s theory is her
“A feeling of being isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world” is Horney’s definition of
Horney’s concept of humanity was based mostly on her
According to Horney, two important intrapsychic conflicts are
Each of Horney’s neurotic trends has a normal analog. The ability to survive in a competitive society is a healthy extension of which neurotic trend?
In Horney’s view, neurotics
Kip seeks out powerful people to be his friends. Horney would say that Kip’s needs for a powerful partner
Fromm’s view of human nature was influenced by
Fromm believed that healthy people’s survival is dependent on
According to Fromm, the exploitative character, like the receptive character,
Compared with Freud, Fromm placed more emphasis on
From her salary as an elementary school teacher, Jennifer has accumulated a very large bank account. In addition, she has seldom thrown away any teaching aids. It thus appears that Jennifer has Fromm’s ______ orientation.
Fromm called our capacity to be aware of ourselves as a separate entity
Fromm believed that humans, as the only animal to possess self‐awareness, imagination, and reason, are the
For Fromm, the relatively permanent way in which people relate to themselves and to the world is called
For Fromm, productive and caring creation reflects the need for
Tracy perceives everything that belongs to her as valuable and everything that belongs to others as having little value. Fromm would say Tracy is suffering from
What was the most common character type found in Fromm’s research on social character in a Mexican village?
Fromm used the term “necrophilia” to refer to
Fromm called the urge to rise above one’s passive and accidental existence
In Fromm’s view, the marketing character’s personal value is dependent upon the ability to
For Fromm, the drive for union with another person or persons reflects the human need of
Fromm’s hoarding character is similar to Freud’s _______ character.
Fromm believed that the lack of satisfaction of existential needs