There is a significant positive correlation between IQ scores and academic performance (grades). Given this statistic, we can reasonably conclude that _______.
Although Alex’s biological mother used crack cocaine during her pregnancy, Alex was adopted at birth into a loving home with parents who did the best that they could to give her every opportunity possible. She ended up graduating from high school and is now beginning a culinary program at a local community college. Alex’s scenario best exemplifies:
The large-scale research project known as the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) National Survey included questions pertaining to personal health that was sent out to 7000 participants between the ages of 25 and 74. This type of study in which data is gathered at one time from groups of participants who represent different age groups is an example of what general type of research design?
After doing a large-scale cross-sectional study, a researcher finds that each successively older group does slightly less well on a test of memory for 10-digit telephone numbers. Which of the following is the best interpretation of this result?
Even if age is positively correlated with speed of processing, we cannot conclude that age “caused” this increase because
Even though Jerry is 70 years old, his vision, hearing, and body systems seem to function like a person who is 50. We might say that Jerry has a young ___________ age.
Dee Vellop wants to know what will happen to the 2004 class of gerontology graduates during the decade following their graduation. Which research design will Dr. Vellop most likely use?
If I select one sample of 30-year-olds and follow them over a decade, interviewing or testing them repeatedly, this would be an example of what kind of research design?
Which of the following scenarios best represents a cross-sectional research design?
Which shared developmental change is most likely to be universal?
If a researcher interviews a group of 20-year-olds, a group of 40-year-olds, and a group of 60-year-olds about their gender role attitudes at one point in time, this would be an example of which sort of research design?
If I want to know whether IQ scores tend to remain constant in individuals over the adult years, which of the following research designs should I use to study the question?
Development can best be described as
Which of the following timing/experience combinations would be likely to create the LEAST stress and disruption, according to the shared experiential/social clock model?
Which of the following groups would be described as a “cohort”?
If I were to select a sample of 30-year-olds, another sample of 40-year-olds, and a third sample of 50-year-olds, test or interview them once, and then test or interview them again 10 years later, this would be an example of what kind of research design?
Which of the following is a major argument AGAINST the use of cross-sectional research designs in studying adult development?
According to the theory about the impact of the social clock of adult life events, which of the following events would be considered non-normative?
Schwebel combined data from 30 studies to examine the link between optimism and health. This is an example of a(n):
Biologically influenced changes in adulthood occur _______.
Which of the following is NOT a major risk factor for severe osteoporosis?
Current evidence on age-related changes in levels of testosterone in men indicates that _______.
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness for all people in the United States. Which statement below does NOT accurately describe glaucoma?
Which of the following is the best statement about individual differences in the rate or pattern of physiological aging?
The gland that is the key element in the immune system is the _______.
One major shortcoming of most of the research on sexual activity is that it
Medina (1996) suggests that changes in older men’s and women’s sexual responses are generally _______.
Which of the following changes in our senses appears to be a normal part of aging?
The best conclusion to draw from theories of primary aging is
In which parts of the body do fat deposits INCREASE in middle age and old age (past the age of about 50)?
Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about the pattern of osteoporosis with age for men and women?
Scientific evidence regarding the effects of aging on the nervous system seems to have changed over the last decade. Which statement below would NOT be supported by today’s evidence?
Your great aunt Lucille is worried about changes in vision as she ages. Which of the following would she NOT be concerned about as a normative age-related change in vision?
The most common symptom associated with menopause is _______.
Which of the following individuals would you expect to have the longest telomeres?
The aging process has been a matter of interest and a subject of research for centuries. This research has established a(n) _______.
One indication that some commonly observed physical change linked to age is a product of secondary aging is that _______.
Telomeres are:
Osteoporosis is the term used to describe _______.
Which of the following is TRUE?
The probability of contracting an illness is called the _________ rate.
Mental health is primarily a result of
Which of the following is NOT a reason why we should care about health and functioning, from a Christian perspective?
Across the adult years, the 12-month prevalence of most mental disorders increases from young adulthood to middle adulthood and then declines, with the lowest rates being ________________(Kessler, Berglund, Demler, et al., 2005).
Researchers who examined 18th century medical records in Sweden found that the ____________ was/were the strongest factor in determining adult longevity.
One major sex difference in health experiences over adulthood is that _______.
The greatest risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease is:
After falling on the ice and breaking three of her ribs, Kathleen is having trouble with ADLs. Which of the following is an example of an ADL?
Which of the following are the 2 leading causes of death among adults in their 40s and 50s in the U.S.?
Which of the following is most accurate about depressive symptoms among older adults?
Which of the following diseases is the leading cause of death in late adulthood in the United States and other developed countries?
Raymond is a 69-year-old male who lives in the south. It is most likely that he lives:
After examining the evidence regarding cardiovascular disease and gender, Bjorklund concluded that _______.
At what median age do adults in the United States show the onset of mood disorders?
__________ refer(s) to genetic characteristics that are the result of environmental influences during the prenatal period or during the lifespan that affect how existing genes are expressed.
Set 2
If a researcher begins a study of a group of 20‐year‐olds and then a few years later continues the study on the same group, this would be an example of what type of research design?
After doing a large‐scale cross‐sectional study, a researcher finds that each successively older group does slightly less well on a test of memory for 10‐digit telephone numbers. Which of the following is the best interpretation of this result?
Which of the following scenarios is MOST likely a nonnormative life event?
Which of the following timing/experience combinations would be likely to create the LEAST stress and disruption, according to the shared experiential/social clock model?
You just saw a story on the news that reported older women’s IQ drops significantly after the age of 60. This was concluded from comparisons of women born between 1940 and 1949 with women born between 1970 and 1979. Based on this information, the criticism you would likely make is that
Development can best be described as
Schwebel combined data from 30 studies to examine the link between optimism and health. This is an example of a(n):
You read a study reporting that a group of 30‐year‐olds is less likely to eat broccoli than is a group of 70‐year‐ The authors of the study can conclude that their results demonstrate
Biologically influenced changes in adulthood occur
Which of the following scenarios best represents a cross‐sectional research design?
Experiences linked to age and occurring with most adults are called
If, every five years, I study the gender‐role attitudes of the same group of individuals, this would be an example of what kind of research design?
Even if age is positively correlated with speed of processing, we cannot conclude that age “caused” this increase because
Three groups of males take a timed reaction test. All of the males in Group 1 are aged 20. All of the males in Group 2 are aged 40. The males in the last group (Group 3) are all aged 60. The statistic reported to describe the differences in reaction times between groups is each group’s mean score. However, this mean score does NOT identify
Which of the following groups would be described as a “cohort”?
One of the most common instruments to gather data is a personal interview. Which of the following questions/statements might a researcher ask in a structured interview?
If a researcher interviews a group of 20‐year‐olds, a group of 40‐year‐olds, and a group of 60‐year‐olds about their gender role attitudes at one point in time, this would be an example of which sort of research design?
If I were to select a sample of 30‐year‐olds, another sample of 40‐year‐olds, and a third sample of 50‐year‐olds, test or interview them once, and then test or interview them again 10 years later, this would be an example of what kind of research design?
According to the theory about the impact of the social clock of adult life events, which of the following events would be considered non‐normative?
If I want to know whether successive cohorts show the same pattern of decline in frequency of close friendships in their 30s, which research design should I use?
Premenopausal and menopausal changes in women are triggered by a significant reduction in the production of which hormone?
The finding that neurons are capable of making changes with age demonstrates
Fruits and vegetables that contain beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C are recommend because they are high in
Which of the following individuals would you expect to have the longest telomeres?
Which of the following is found only in men?
Which of the following is TRUE of insomnia?
The gradual loss of hearing resulting from damage to the tiny hairs inside the cochlea is called
One major shortcoming of most of the research on sexual activity is that it
In which parts of the body do fat deposits INCREASE in middle age and old age (past the age of about 50)?
Your great aunt Lucille is worried about changes in vision as she ages. Which of the following would she NOT be concerned about as a normative age‐related change in vision?
The average age at which women go through menopause about
The most common symptom associated with menopause is
Mary has a family history of osteoporosis, along with a number of other risk factors. Which of the following would you recommend to her as an effective way to build bone mass and increase skeletal strength?
A normal chemical process in the body, resulting from exposure to sunlight, X‐rays, and food, creates molecules or atoms that possess an unpaired electron. These atoms and molecules are called
Which of the following individuals is LEAST LIKELY to have osteoarthritis?
The best conclusion to draw from theories of primary aging is
Which of the following changes in our senses appears to be a normal part of aging?
Cells of different species, when observed in nutrient solutions, are seen to divide varying numbers of times, with cells of the most long‐lived species dividing more times than the cells of short‐lived species. The total number of divisions for any given species is sometimes referred to as
One indication that some commonly observed physical change linked to age is a product of secondary aging is that
A good deal of research supports a link between Type A behavior pattern and increased risk of
Alzheimer’s disease is one form of
The incidence of acute conditions _______ with age, while the incidence of chronic conditions
Which of the following factors offers primary prevention for stroke, heart disease, and cancer?
After falling on the ice and breaking three of her ribs, Kathleen is having trouble with ADLs. Which of the following is an example of an ADL?
The results from older adults’ self‐reports (surveys) of their health found that
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for heart disease?
Which of the following is TRUE?
The probability of contracting an illness is called the _________ rate.
The greatest risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease is:
After examining the evidence regarding cardiovascular disease and gender, Bjorklund concluded that
What is the typical order of the age of onset (median age at which a person experiences the disorder for the first time) for the most prominent mental disorders?
Which group of adults shows a pattern of short life expectancy and high rates of chronic illness throughout adulthood?
One major sex difference in health experiences over adulthood is that
Dressing yourself, bathing, walking a short distance, using a toilet, and eating without assistance are all examples of what gerontologists call
Which of the following is TRUE of Alzheimer’s disease?
Biologically influenced changes in adulthood occur
Which of the following groups would be described as a “cohort”?
Which of the following is a major research technique used in “behavior genetics”?
In explaining adult development, psychologists must
According to the theory about the impact of the social clock of adult life events, which of the following events would be considered non‐normative?
The large‐scale research project known as the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) National Survey included questions pertaining to personal health that was sent out to 7000 participants between the ages of 25 and 74. This type of study in which data is gathered at one time from groups of participants who represent different age groups is an example of what general type of research design?
If I select one sample of 30‐year‐olds and follow them over a decade, interviewing or testing them repeatedly, this would be an example of what kind of research design?
You read a study reporting that a group of 30‐year‐olds is less likely to eat broccoli than is a group of 70‐year‐ The authors of the study can conclude that their results demonstrate
Suppose a researcher, using a cross‐sectional design, finds that the incidence of depression is highest among young adults and lowest among the elderly. Which of the following is a possible valid interpretation of this result?
Even if age is positively correlated with speed of processing, we cannot conclude that age “caused” this increase because
Which is NOT a major category of in uence that helps to explain both the ways we tend to be alike and the ways we tend to be different in our adult journeys?
Of the following research methods, select the one that studies the same subjects over a period of time, observing whether their responses remain the same or change in systematic ways?
One of the most common instruments to gather data is a personal interview. Which of the following questions/statements might a researcher ask in a structured interview?
Which of the following correlation coe cients shows the strongest relationship between the two variables entered into the correlation?
If I want to know whether IQ scores tend to remain constant in individuals over the adult years, which of the following research designs should I use to study the question?
Which of the following is a major argument AGAINST the use of cross‐sectional research designs in studying adult development?
Dee Vellop wants to know what will happen to the 2004 class of gerontology graduates during the decade following their graduation. Which research design will Dr. Vellop most likely use?
If, every five years, I study the gender‐role attitudes of the same group of individuals, this would be an example of what kind of research design?
Although Alex’s biological mother used crack cocaine during her pregnancy, Alex was adopted at birth into a loving home with parents who did the best that they could to give her every opportunity possible. She ended up graduating from high school and is now beginning a culinary program at a local community college. Alex’s scenario best exemplifies:
Which of the following scenarios best represents a cross‐sectional research design?
Current evidence on age‐related changes in levels of testosterone in men indicates that
Medina (1996) suggests that changes in older men’s and women’s sexual responses are generally
Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about the pattern of osteoporosis with age for men and women?
Osteoporosis is the term used to describe
One major shortcoming of most of the research on sexual activity is that it
Which of the following is NOT a change in sleep patterns with increasing age in adulthood?
More women than men in the United States are diagnosed with
The most common symptom associated with menopause is
One explanation of aging cites our dietary habits as connected to the aging process. Which statement below is NOT consistent with this theory?
In which parts of the body do fat deposits INCREASE in middle age and old age (past the age of about 50)?
Which statement is FALSE?
The average age at which women go through menopause about
The gradual loss of hearing resulting from damage to the tiny hairs inside the cochlea is called
A problem with the results from cross‐sectional and longitudinal research on the sexual activity of adults in the United States is that
Which of the following individuals is LEAST LIKELY to have osteoarthritis?
Carl is 58 years old and has developed emphysema as a result of years of heavy smoking. This is an example of
The suggested mechanism behind the genetic limits theory of aging comes from the discovery that chromosomes in many human body cells (and those of some other species, too) have, at their tips, lengths of repeating DNA called
The finding that neurons are capable of making changes with age demonstrates
Which of the following individuals would you expect to have the longest telomeres?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why we should care about health and functioning, from a Christian perspective?
When people reach the age 55, the top cancer killer is _____ cancer, which remains through the rest of their life.”
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for heart disease?
Mental health is primarily a result of
Researchers who examined 18th century medical records in Sweden found that the ____________ was/were the strongest factor in determining adult longevity.
At what median age do adults in the United States show the onset of substance abuse?
The term used to describe a disease of the arteries in which there is a gradual build‐up of fat‐laden deposits is
Which group of adults shows a pattern of short life expectancy and high rates of chronic illness throughout adulthood?
It is estimated that 20 percent of the elderly have pathological levels of anxiety. Which of the following is NOT an anxiety disorder?
Which of the following are the 2 leading causes of death among adults in their 40s and 50s in the U.S.?
Which of the following diseases is the leading cause of death in late adulthood in the United States and other developed countries?
Which of the following is TRUE?
Which of the following is TRUE of Alzheimer’s disease?
Across the adult years, the 12‐month prevalence of most mental disorders increases from young adulthood to middle adulthood and then declines, with the lowest rates being ________________(Kessler, Berglund, Demler, et al., 2005).
Raymond is a 69‐year‐old male who lives in the south. It is most likely that he lives:
Which of the following is the most accurate description of the relationship of atherosclerosis to aging?